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Lactulose

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Overview

What is Lactulose?

Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide in solution form for oral administration. Each 15 mL of Lactulose Solution contains: 10 g lactulose (and less than 1.6 g galactose, less than 1.2 g lactose, and 1.2 g or less of other sugars). Also contains FD&C Yellow No. 6, purified water, and flavoring. Sodium hydroxide used to adjust pH . The pH range is 2.5 to 6.5.

Lactulose is a colonic acidifier which promotes laxation.

The molecular weight is 342.30. It is freely soluble in water.



What does Lactulose look like?



What are the available doses of Lactulose?

Sorry No records found.

What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Lactulose?

Sorry No records found

How should I use Lactulose?

For the treatment of constipation. In patients with a history of chronic constipation, lactulose solution therapy increases the number of bowel movements per day and the number of days on which bowel movements occur.

The usual dose is 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls (15 to 30 mL, containing 10 g to 20 g of lactulose) daily. The dose may be increased to 60 mL daily if necessary. Twenty-four to 48 hours may be required to produce a normal bowel movement.

Note: Some patients have found that lactulose solution may be more acceptable when mixed with fruit juice, water or milk.


What interacts with Lactulose?

Since lactulose solution contains galactose (less than 1.6 g/15 mL), it is contraindicated in patients who require a low galactose diet.



What are the warnings of Lactulose?

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What are the precautions of Lactulose?

Since lactulose solution contains galactose (less than 1.6 g/15 mL) and lactose (less than 1.2 g/15 mL), it should be used with caution in diabetics.

In the event that an unusual diarrheal condition occurs, contact your physician.

Elderly, debilitated patients who receive lactulose solution for more than six months should have serum electrolytes (potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide) measured periodically.

Results of preliminary studies in humans and rats suggest that nonabsorbable antacids given concurrently with lactulose may inhibit the desired lactulose-induced drop in colonic pH. Therefore, a possible lack of desired effect of treatment should be taken into consideration before such drugs are given concomitantly with lactulose solution.

There are no known human data on long-term potential for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or impairment of fertility.

There are no known animal data on long-term potential for mutagenicity.

Administration of lactulose solution in the diet of mice for 18 months in concentrations of 3 and 10 percent (V/W) did not produce any evidence of carcinogenicity.

In studies in mice, rats, and rabbits, doses of lactulose solution up to 6 or 12 mL/kg/day produced no deleterious effects in breeding, conception, or parturition.

Pregnancy Category B:

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when lactulose solution is administered to a nursing woman.

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.


What are the side effects of Lactulose?

Precise frequency data are not available.

Initial dosing may produce flatulence and intestinal cramps, which are usually transient. Excessive dosage can lead to diarrhea with potential complications such as loss of fluids, hypokalemia, and hypernatremia.

Nausea and vomiting have been reported.


What should I look out for while using Lactulose?

Since lactulose solution contains galactose (less than 1.6 g/15 mL), it is contraindicated in patients who require a low galactose diet.

A theoretical hazard may exist for patients being treated with lactulose solution who may be required to undergo electrocautery procedures during proctoscopy or colonoscopy. Accumulation of H gas in significant concentration in the presence of an electrical spark may result in an explosive reaction. Although this complication has not been reported with lactulose, patients on lactulose therapy undergoing such procedures should have a thorough bowel cleansing with a non-fermentable solution. Insufflation of CO as an additional safeguard may be pursued but is considered to be a redundant measure.


What might happen if I take too much Lactulose?

There have been no reports of accidental overdosage. In the event of overdosage, it is expected that diarrhea and abdominal cramps would be the major symptoms. Medication should be terminated.

The acute oral LD of the drug is 48.8 mL/kg in mice and greater than 30 mL/kg in rats.

Dialysis data are not available for lactulose. Its molecular similarity to sucrose, however, would suggest that it should be dialyzable.


How should I store and handle Lactulose?

Store at controlled room temperature 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP] .NDC 54868-3101-0Bottles of 8 fl oz (237 mL)NDC 54868-3101-1 Bottles of 16 fl oz (473 mL) NDC 54868-3101-2Bottles of 32 fl oz (946 mL)Lactulose solution contains lactulose 667 mg/mL (10 g/15 mL )Store at controlled room temperature 20º-25ºC (68º-77ºF). [See USP] Do not freeze. Under recommended storage conditions, a normal darkening of color may occur. Such darkening is characteristic of sugar solutions and does not affect therapeutic action. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30ºC (86ºF) or to direct light may cause extreme darkening and turbidity which may be pharmaceutically objectionable. If this condition develops, do not use. Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures may cause change to a semisolid, too viscous to pour. Viscosity will return to normal upon warming to room temperature.Keep tightly closed.Dispense in original container or tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.NDC 54868-3101-0Bottles of 8 fl oz (237 mL)NDC 54868-3101-1 Bottles of 16 fl oz (473 mL) NDC 54868-3101-2Bottles of 32 fl oz (946 mL)Lactulose solution contains lactulose 667 mg/mL (10 g/15 mL )Store at controlled room temperature 20º-25ºC (68º-77ºF). [See USP] Do not freeze. Under recommended storage conditions, a normal darkening of color may occur. Such darkening is characteristic of sugar solutions and does not affect therapeutic action. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30ºC (86ºF) or to direct light may cause extreme darkening and turbidity which may be pharmaceutically objectionable. If this condition develops, do not use. Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures may cause change to a semisolid, too viscous to pour. Viscosity will return to normal upon warming to room temperature.Keep tightly closed.Dispense in original container or tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.NDC 54868-3101-0Bottles of 8 fl oz (237 mL)NDC 54868-3101-1 Bottles of 16 fl oz (473 mL) NDC 54868-3101-2Bottles of 32 fl oz (946 mL)Lactulose solution contains lactulose 667 mg/mL (10 g/15 mL )Store at controlled room temperature 20º-25ºC (68º-77ºF). [See USP] Do not freeze. Under recommended storage conditions, a normal darkening of color may occur. Such darkening is characteristic of sugar solutions and does not affect therapeutic action. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30ºC (86ºF) or to direct light may cause extreme darkening and turbidity which may be pharmaceutically objectionable. If this condition develops, do not use. Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures may cause change to a semisolid, too viscous to pour. Viscosity will return to normal upon warming to room temperature.Keep tightly closed.Dispense in original container or tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.NDC 54868-3101-0Bottles of 8 fl oz (237 mL)NDC 54868-3101-1 Bottles of 16 fl oz (473 mL) NDC 54868-3101-2Bottles of 32 fl oz (946 mL)Lactulose solution contains lactulose 667 mg/mL (10 g/15 mL )Store at controlled room temperature 20º-25ºC (68º-77ºF). [See USP] Do not freeze. Under recommended storage conditions, a normal darkening of color may occur. Such darkening is characteristic of sugar solutions and does not affect therapeutic action. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30ºC (86ºF) or to direct light may cause extreme darkening and turbidity which may be pharmaceutically objectionable. If this condition develops, do not use. Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures may cause change to a semisolid, too viscous to pour. Viscosity will return to normal upon warming to room temperature.Keep tightly closed.Dispense in original container or tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.NDC 54868-3101-0Bottles of 8 fl oz (237 mL)NDC 54868-3101-1 Bottles of 16 fl oz (473 mL) NDC 54868-3101-2Bottles of 32 fl oz (946 mL)Lactulose solution contains lactulose 667 mg/mL (10 g/15 mL )Store at controlled room temperature 20º-25ºC (68º-77ºF). [See USP] Do not freeze. Under recommended storage conditions, a normal darkening of color may occur. Such darkening is characteristic of sugar solutions and does not affect therapeutic action. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30ºC (86ºF) or to direct light may cause extreme darkening and turbidity which may be pharmaceutically objectionable. If this condition develops, do not use. Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures may cause change to a semisolid, too viscous to pour. Viscosity will return to normal upon warming to room temperature.Keep tightly closed.Dispense in original container or tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.NDC 54868-3101-0Bottles of 8 fl oz (237 mL)NDC 54868-3101-1 Bottles of 16 fl oz (473 mL) NDC 54868-3101-2Bottles of 32 fl oz (946 mL)Lactulose solution contains lactulose 667 mg/mL (10 g/15 mL )Store at controlled room temperature 20º-25ºC (68º-77ºF). [See USP] Do not freeze. Under recommended storage conditions, a normal darkening of color may occur. Such darkening is characteristic of sugar solutions and does not affect therapeutic action. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30ºC (86ºF) or to direct light may cause extreme darkening and turbidity which may be pharmaceutically objectionable. If this condition develops, do not use. Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures may cause change to a semisolid, too viscous to pour. Viscosity will return to normal upon warming to room temperature.Keep tightly closed.Dispense in original container or tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.NDC 54868-3101-0Bottles of 8 fl oz (237 mL)NDC 54868-3101-1 Bottles of 16 fl oz (473 mL) NDC 54868-3101-2Bottles of 32 fl oz (946 mL)Lactulose solution contains lactulose 667 mg/mL (10 g/15 mL )Store at controlled room temperature 20º-25ºC (68º-77ºF). [See USP] Do not freeze. Under recommended storage conditions, a normal darkening of color may occur. Such darkening is characteristic of sugar solutions and does not affect therapeutic action. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30ºC (86ºF) or to direct light may cause extreme darkening and turbidity which may be pharmaceutically objectionable. If this condition develops, do not use. Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures may cause change to a semisolid, too viscous to pour. Viscosity will return to normal upon warming to room temperature.Keep tightly closed.Dispense in original container or tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.NDC 54868-3101-0Bottles of 8 fl oz (237 mL)NDC 54868-3101-1 Bottles of 16 fl oz (473 mL) NDC 54868-3101-2Bottles of 32 fl oz (946 mL)Lactulose solution contains lactulose 667 mg/mL (10 g/15 mL )Store at controlled room temperature 20º-25ºC (68º-77ºF). [See USP] Do not freeze. Under recommended storage conditions, a normal darkening of color may occur. Such darkening is characteristic of sugar solutions and does not affect therapeutic action. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30ºC (86ºF) or to direct light may cause extreme darkening and turbidity which may be pharmaceutically objectionable. If this condition develops, do not use. Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures may cause change to a semisolid, too viscous to pour. Viscosity will return to normal upon warming to room temperature.Keep tightly closed.Dispense in original container or tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.NDC 54868-3101-0Bottles of 8 fl oz (237 mL)NDC 54868-3101-1 Bottles of 16 fl oz (473 mL) NDC 54868-3101-2Bottles of 32 fl oz (946 mL)Lactulose solution contains lactulose 667 mg/mL (10 g/15 mL )Store at controlled room temperature 20º-25ºC (68º-77ºF). [See USP] Do not freeze. Under recommended storage conditions, a normal darkening of color may occur. Such darkening is characteristic of sugar solutions and does not affect therapeutic action. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30ºC (86ºF) or to direct light may cause extreme darkening and turbidity which may be pharmaceutically objectionable. If this condition develops, do not use. Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures may cause change to a semisolid, too viscous to pour. Viscosity will return to normal upon warming to room temperature.Keep tightly closed.Dispense in original container or tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.


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Clinical Information

Chemical Structure

No Image found
Clinical Pharmacology

Lactulose is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and no enzyme capable of hydrolysis of this disaccharide is present in human gastrointestinal tissue. As a result, oral doses of lactulose solution reach the colon virtually unchanged. In the colon, lactulose is broken down primarily to lactic acid, and also to small amounts of formic and acetic acids, by the action of colonic bacteria, which results in an increase in osmotic pressure and slight acidification of the colonic contents. This in turn causes an increase in stool water content and softens the stool.

Since lactulose does not exert its effect until it reaches the colon, and since transit time through the colon may be slow, 24 to 48 hours may be required to produce the desired bowel movement.

Lactulose solution given orally to man and experimental animals resulted in only small amounts reaching the blood.

Urinary excretion has been determined to be 3% or less and is essentially complete within 24 hours.

Non-Clinical Toxicology
Since lactulose solution contains galactose (less than 1.6 g/15 mL), it is contraindicated in patients who require a low galactose diet.

A theoretical hazard may exist for patients being treated with lactulose solution who may be required to undergo electrocautery procedures during proctoscopy or colonoscopy. Accumulation of H gas in significant concentration in the presence of an electrical spark may result in an explosive reaction. Although this complication has not been reported with lactulose, patients on lactulose therapy undergoing such procedures should have a thorough bowel cleansing with a non-fermentable solution. Insufflation of CO as an additional safeguard may be pursued but is considered to be a redundant measure.

S

Since lactulose solution contains galactose (less than 1.6 g/15 mL) and lactose (less than 1.2 g/15 mL), it should be used with caution in diabetics.

In the event that an unusual diarrheal condition occurs, contact your physician.

Elderly, debilitated patients who receive lactulose solution for more than six months should have serum electrolytes (potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide) measured periodically.

Results of preliminary studies in humans and rats suggest that nonabsorbable antacids given concurrently with lactulose may inhibit the desired lactulose-induced drop in colonic pH. Therefore, a possible lack of desired effect of treatment should be taken into consideration before such drugs are given concomitantly with lactulose solution.

There are no known human data on long-term potential for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or impairment of fertility.

There are no known animal data on long-term potential for mutagenicity.

Administration of lactulose solution in the diet of mice for 18 months in concentrations of 3 and 10 percent (V/W) did not produce any evidence of carcinogenicity.

In studies in mice, rats, and rabbits, doses of lactulose solution up to 6 or 12 mL/kg/day produced no deleterious effects in breeding, conception, or parturition.

Pregnancy Category B:

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when lactulose solution is administered to a nursing woman.

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Precise frequency data are not available.

Initial dosing may produce flatulence and intestinal cramps, which are usually transient. Excessive dosage can lead to diarrhea with potential complications such as loss of fluids, hypokalemia, and hypernatremia.

Nausea and vomiting have been reported.

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Reference

This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"

While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.

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Interactions

Interactions

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