Clemastine Fumarate

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Overview

What is Clemastine Fumarate?

Each teaspoonful (5 mL) of Clemastine Fumarate Syrup for oral administration contains clemastine 0.5 mg (present as clemastine fumarate 0.67 mg). Other ingredients: alcohol 5.5%, flavor, fumaric acid, methylparaben, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water, saccharin sodium, sorbitol in a buffered solution. Clemastine fumarate belongs to the benzhydryl ether group of antihistaminic compounds. The chemical name is (+)-(2R)-2-[2-[[(R)-p-Chloro-α-methyl-α-phenylbenzyl]- oxy]ethyl]-1-methylpyrrolidine fumarate and has the following structural formula:

CHCINO.CHO M.W. 459.97

CAS Registration Number 145976-57-9

Clemastine fumarate occurs as a colorless to faintly yellow, practically odorless, crystalline powder. Clemastine Fumarate Syrup has an approximate pH of 6.2.

What does Clemastine Fumarate look like?

What are the available doses of Clemastine Fumarate?

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What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Clemastine Fumarate?

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How should I use Clemastine Fumarate?

Clemastine Fumarate Syrup is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis such as sneezing, rhinorrhea, pruritus and lacrimation. Clemastine Fumarate Syrup is indicated for use in pediatric populations (age 6 years through 12) and adults (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

It should be noted that clemastine fumarate is indicated for the relief of mild uncomplicated allergic skin manifestations of urticaria and angioedema at the 2 mg dosage level only.

DOSAGE SHOULD BE INDIVIDUALIZED ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS AND RESPONSE OF THE PATIENT.

Pediatric: Children aged 6 to 12 years:

For Symptoms Of Allergic Rhinitis -The starting dose is 1 teaspoonful (0.5 mg clemastine) twice daily. Since single doses of up to 2.25 mg clemastine were well tolerated by this age group, dosage may be increased as required, but not to exceed 6 teaspoonfuls daily (3 mg clemastine). For Urticaria and Angioedema -The starting dose is 2 teaspoonfuls (1 mg clemastine) twice daily, not to exceed 6 teaspoonfuls daily (3 mg clemastine).

Adults and Children 12 years and Over:

For Symptoms Of Allergic Rhinitis -The starting dose is 2 teaspoonfuls (1.0 mg clemastine) twice daily. Dosage may be increased as required, but not to exceed 12 teaspoonfuls daily (6 mg clemastine). For Urticaria and Angioedema -The starting dose is 4 teaspoonfuls (2 mg clemastine) twice daily, not to exceed 12 teaspoonfuls daily (6 mg clemastine).

What interacts with Clemastine Fumarate?

Antihistamines are contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to the drug or to other antihistamines of similar chemical structure (see PRECAUTIONS-Drug Interactions). Antihistamines should not be used in newborn or premature Infants. Because of the higher risk of antihistamines for infants generally and for newborns and prematures in particular, antihistamine therapy is contraindicated in nursing mothers (See PRECAUTIONS-Nursing Mothers).

What are the warnings of Clemastine Fumarate?

Safe use of methocarbamol has not been established with regard to possible adverse effects upon fetal development. There have been reports of fetal and congenital abnormalities following in utero exposure to methocarbamol. Therefore, methocarbamol tablets should not be used in women who are or may become pregnant and particularly during early pregnancy unless in the judgment of the physician the potential benefits outweigh the possible hazards (see ).

Antihistamines should be used with considerable caution in patients with: narrow angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, and bladder neck obstruction.

Use with CNS Depressants: Clemastine fumarate has additive effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants (hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, etc.)

Use in Activities Requiring Mental Alertness: Patients should be warned about engaging in activities requiring mental alertness such as driving a car or operating appliances, machinery, etc.

Use in the Elderly (approximately 60 years or older): Antihistamines are more likely to cause dizziness, sedation, and hypotension in elderly patients.

What are the precautions of Clemastine Fumarate?

General

Drug Interactions

Additive CNS depression may occur when antihistamines are administered concomitantly with other CNS depressants including barbiturates, tranquilizers, and alcohol. Patients receiving antihistamines should be advised against the concurrent use of other CNS depressant drugs.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effects of antihistamines.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis

Impairment of Fertility

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category B: Oral reproduction studies performed with clemastine fumarate in rats and rabbits at doses up to 312 and 188 times the adult human doses respectively, have revealed no evidence of teratogenic effects.

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Clemastine Fumarate Syrup in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used in pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers

Although quantitative determination of antihistaminic drugs in breast milk have not been reported, qualitative tests have documented the excretion of diphenhydramine, pyrilamine, and tripelennamine in human milk.

Because of the potential for adverse reactions in nursing infants from antihistamines, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug.

Pediatric Use

The safety and efficacy of Clemastine Fumarate Syrup has been confirmed in the pediatric population (age 6 years through 12). Safety and dose tolerance studies have confirmed children 6 through 11 years tolerated dosage ranges of 0.75 to 2.25 mg clemastine. In infants and children particularly, antihistamines in overdosage may produce hallucinations, convulsions, and death. Symptoms of antihistamine toxicity in children may include fixed dilated pupils, flushed face, dry mouth, fever, excitation, hallucinations, ataxia, incoordination, athetosis, tonic-clonic convulsions, and postictal depression (see OVERDOSAGE).

Patients taking antihistamines should receive the following information and instructions: Antihistamines are prescribed to reduce allergic symptoms.
Patients should be questioned regarding a history of glaucoma, peptic ulcer, urinary retention, or pregnancy before starting antihistamine therapy.
Patients should be told not to take alcohol, sleeping pills, sedatives, or tranquilizers while taking antihistamines.
Antihistamines may cause drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision, weakness, nausea, headache, or nervousness in some patients.
Patients should avoid driving a car or working with hazardous machinery until they assess the effects of this medicine.
Patients should be told to store this medicine in a tightly closed container in a dry, cool place away from heat or direct sunlight and out of the reach of children.

What are the side effects of Clemastine Fumarate?

The most frequent adverse reactions are underlined: Nervous System: n, fatigue, confusion, restlessness, excitation, nervousness, tremor, irritability, insomnia, euphoria, paresthesia, blurred vision, diplopia, vertigo, tinnitus, acute labyrinthitis, hysteria, neuritis, convulsions.

Gastrointestinal System: , anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.

Respiratory System: , tightness of chest and wheezing, nasal stuffiness.

Cardiovascular System: Hypotension, headache, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystoles.

Hematologic System: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis.

Genitourinary System: Urinary frequency, difficult urination, urinary retention, early menses.

General

What should I look out for while using Clemastine Fumarate?

Antihistamines are contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to the drug or to other antihistamines of similar chemical structure (see PRECAUTIONS-Drug Interactions). Antihistamines should not be used in newborn or premature Infants. Because of the higher risk of antihistamines for infants generally and for newborns and prematures in particular, antihistamine therapy is contraindicated in nursing mothers (See PRECAUTIONS-Nursing Mothers).

Antihistamines should be used with considerable caution in patients with: narrow angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, and bladder neck obstruction.

Use with CNS Depressants: Clemastine fumarate has additive effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants (hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, etc.)

Use in Activities Requiring Mental Alertness: Patients should be warned about engaging in activities requiring mental alertness such as driving a car or operating appliances, machinery, etc.

Use in the Elderly (approximately 60 years or older): Antihistamines are more likely to cause dizziness, sedation, and hypotension in elderly patients.

What might happen if I take too much Clemastine Fumarate?

Antihistamine overdosage reactions may vary from central nervous system depression to stimulation. In children, stimulation predominates initially in a syndrome which may include excitement, hallucinations, ataxia, incoordination, muscle twitching, athetosis, hyperthermia, cyanosis convulsions, tremors, and hyperreflexia followed by postictal depression and cardio respiratory arrest. Convulsions in children may be preceded by mild depression. Dry mouth, fixed dilated pupils, flushing of the face, and fever are common. In adults, CNS depression, ranging from drowsiness to coma, is more common. The convulsant dose of antihistamines lies near the lethal dose. Convulsions indicate a poor prognosis.

In both children and adults, coma and cardiovascular collapse may occur.Deaths are reported especially in infants and children.

There is no specific therapy for acute overdosage with antihistamines. The latent period from ingestion to appearance of toxic effects is characteristically short (1/2-2 hours). General symptomatic and supportive measures should be instituted promptly and maintained for as long as necessary.

Since overdoses of other classes of drugs (i.e., tricyclic antidepressants) may also present anticholinergic symptomatology, appropriate toxicological analysis should be performed as soon as possible to identify the causative agent.

In the conscious patient, vomiting should be induced even though it may have occurred spontaneously. If vomiting cannot be induced, gastric lavage is indicated. Adequate precautions must be taken to protect against aspiration, especially in infants and children. Charcoal slurry or other suitable agents should be instilled into the stomach after vomiting or lavage. Saline cathartics or milk of magnesia may be of additional benefit.

In the unconscious patient, the airway should be secured with a cuffed endotracheal tube before attempting to evacuate the gastric contents. Intensive supportive and nursing care is indicated, as for any comatose patient.

If breathing is significantly impaired, maintenance of an adequate airway and mechanical support of respiration is the most effective means of providing adequate oxygenation. Hypotension is an early sign of impending cardiovascular collapse and should be treated vigorously. Although general supportive measures are important, specific treatment with intravenous infusion of a vasopressor titrated to maintain adequate blood pressure may be necessary.

Do not use with CNS stimulants.

Convulsions should be controlled by careful administration of diazepam or a short-acting barbiturate, repeated as necessary. Physostigmine may also be considered for use in controlling centrally mediated convulsions.

Ice packs and cooling sponge baths, not alcohol, can aid in reducing the fever commonly seen in children.

A more detailed review of antihistamine toxicology and overdose management is available in Gosselin, R.E., et al., "Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products."

How should I store and handle Clemastine Fumarate?

Vials should be stored refrigerated at 2°-8°C (36°-46°F). Vials may be transferred to room temperature storage for a period not to exceed 2 months. Upon transfer, vial cartons must be marked by the dispensing pharmacist with a "DISCARD BY" date (2 months from the transfer date or the labeled expiration date, whichever comes first). Protect from light until administration.Vials should be stored refrigerated at 2°-8°C (36°-46°F). Vials may be transferred to room temperature storage for a period not to exceed 2 months. Upon transfer, vial cartons must be marked by the dispensing pharmacist with a "DISCARD BY" date (2 months from the transfer date or the labeled expiration date, whichever comes first). Protect from light until administration.Clemastine Fumarate Syrup: clemastine 0.5 mg/5 mL (present as clemastine fumarate 0.67 mg/5 mL) is as a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity flavor, and supplied as follows: 120 mL bottle(NDC 54838-514-40) 473 mL (1 Pint) bottle (NDC 54838-514-80)Store below 25°C (77°F). Store in an upright position. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container. Manufactured by:Silarx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Spring Valley, NY 10977 Clemastine Fumarate Syrup: clemastine 0.5 mg/5 mL (present as clemastine fumarate 0.67 mg/5 mL) is as a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity flavor, and supplied as follows: 120 mL bottle(NDC 54838-514-40) 473 mL (1 Pint) bottle (NDC 54838-514-80)Store below 25°C (77°F). Store in an upright position. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container. Manufactured by:Silarx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Spring Valley, NY 10977 Clemastine Fumarate Syrup: clemastine 0.5 mg/5 mL (present as clemastine fumarate 0.67 mg/5 mL) is as a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity flavor, and supplied as follows: 120 mL bottle(NDC 54838-514-40) 473 mL (1 Pint) bottle (NDC 54838-514-80)Store below 25°C (77°F). Store in an upright position. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container. Manufactured by:Silarx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Spring Valley, NY 10977 Clemastine Fumarate Syrup: clemastine 0.5 mg/5 mL (present as clemastine fumarate 0.67 mg/5 mL) is as a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity flavor, and supplied as follows: 120 mL bottle(NDC 54838-514-40) 473 mL (1 Pint) bottle (NDC 54838-514-80)Store below 25°C (77°F). Store in an upright position. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container. Manufactured by:Silarx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Spring Valley, NY 10977 Clemastine Fumarate Syrup: clemastine 0.5 mg/5 mL (present as clemastine fumarate 0.67 mg/5 mL) is as a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity flavor, and supplied as follows: 120 mL bottle(NDC 54838-514-40) 473 mL (1 Pint) bottle (NDC 54838-514-80)Store below 25°C (77°F). Store in an upright position. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container. Manufactured by:Silarx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Spring Valley, NY 10977

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Clinical Information

Chemical Structure

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Clinical Pharmacology

Clemastine fumarate is an antihistamine with anticholinergic (drying) and sedative side effects. Antihistamines competitively antagonize various physiological effects of histamine including increased capillary permeability and dilatation, the formation of edema, the "flare" and "itch" response, and gastrointestinal and respiratory smooth muscle constriction. Within the vascular tree, H1-receptor antagonists inhibit both the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator effects of histamine. Depending on the dose, H1- receptor antagonists can produce CNS stimulation or depression. Most antihistamines exhibit central and/or peripheral anticholinergic activity. Antihistamines act by competitively blocking H1-receptor sites. Antihistamines do not pharmacologically antagonize or chemically inactivate histamine, nor do they prevent the release of histamine.

Non-Clinical Toxicology

Antihistamines are contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to the drug or to other antihistamines of similar chemical structure (see PRECAUTIONS-Drug Interactions). Antihistamines should not be used in newborn or premature Infants. Because of the higher risk of antihistamines for infants generally and for newborns and prematures in particular, antihistamine therapy is contraindicated in nursing mothers (See PRECAUTIONS-Nursing Mothers).

Antihistamines should be used with considerable caution in patients with: narrow angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, and bladder neck obstruction.

Use with CNS Depressants: Clemastine fumarate has additive effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants (hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, etc.)

Use in Activities Requiring Mental Alertness: Patients should be warned about engaging in activities requiring mental alertness such as driving a car or operating appliances, machinery, etc.

Use in the Elderly (approximately 60 years or older): Antihistamines are more likely to cause dizziness, sedation, and hypotension in elderly patients.

Additive CNS depression may occur when antihistamines are administered concomitantly with other CNS depressants including barbiturates, tranquilizers, and alcohol. Patients receiving antihistamines should be advised against the concurrent use of other CNS depressant drugs.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effects of antihistamines.

General

The most frequent adverse reactions are underlined: Nervous System: n, fatigue, confusion, restlessness, excitation, nervousness, tremor, irritability, insomnia, euphoria, paresthesia, blurred vision, diplopia, vertigo, tinnitus, acute labyrinthitis, hysteria, neuritis, convulsions.

Gastrointestinal System: , anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.

Respiratory System: , tightness of chest and wheezing, nasal stuffiness.

Cardiovascular System: Hypotension, headache, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystoles.

Hematologic System: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis.

Genitourinary System: Urinary frequency, difficult urination, urinary retention, early menses.

General

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Reference

This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"

While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.

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Professional

Clonazepam Description Each single-scored tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg Clonazepam, USP, a benzodiazepine. Each tablet also contains corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. Clonazepam tablets USP 0.5 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake. Clonazepam tablets USP 1 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake, as well as FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake. Chemically, Clonazepam, USP is 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula: C15H10ClN3O3 M.W. 315.72

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Interactions

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