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Alivio
Overview
What is Alivio?
Ibuprofen tablets contain the active ingredient ibuprofen, which is (+/-) - 2 - (p - isobutylphenyl)
propionic acid. Ibuprofen is a white powder with a melting point of 74 - 77 C and is very slightly soluble
in water (less than 1 mg / mL) and readily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone.
Ibuprofen tablets, a nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drug (NSAID), are available in 400 mg, 600 mg and
800 mg tablets for oral administration. Inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose
sodium, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol,
pregelatinized starch, talc and titanium dioxide.
What does Alivio look like?
What are the available doses of Alivio?
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What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Alivio?
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How should I use Alivio?
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of ibuprofen tablets and other treatment options
before deciding to use ibuprofen tablets. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration
consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see ).
Ibuprofen tablets are indicated for relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and
osteoarthritis.
Ibuprofen tablets are indicated for the relief of mild to moderate pain.
Ibuprofen tablets are also indicated for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
Controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of ibuprofen tablets in children have
not been conducted.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of ibuprofen tablets and other treatment options before deciding to use ibuprofen tablets. Use the lowest
effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see ).
After observing the response to initial therapy with ibuprofen tablets, the dose and frequency should be adjusted to suit an individual patient's needs.
Do not exceed 3200 mg total daily dose. If gastrointestinal complaints occur, administer ibuprofen tablets with meals or milk.
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, including flare - ups of chronic disease
Suggested Dosage
daily, as compared with 2400 mg, although in well - controlled clinical trials patients on 3200 mg did not show a better mean response in terms of efficacy.
Therefore, when treating patients with 3200 mg / day, the physician should observe sufficient increased clinical benefits to offset potential increased risk.
The dose should be tailored to each patient, and may be lowered or raised depending on the severity of symptoms either at the time of initiating drug therapy or
as the patient responds or fails to respond.
In general, patients with rheumatoid arthritis seem to require higher doses of ibuprofen tablets than do patients with osteoarthritis.
The smallest dose of ibuprofen tablets that yields acceptable control should be employed. A linear blood level dose - response relationship exists with single
doses up to 800 mg (See for effects of food on rate of absorption).
The availability of four tablet strengths facilitates dosage adjustment.
In chronic conditions
weeks. After a satisfactory response has been achieved, the patient's dose should be reviewed and adjusted as required.
Mild to moderate pain
In controlled analgesic clinical trials, doses of ibuprofen tablets greater than 400 mg were no effective than the 400 mg dose.
Dysmenorrhea
For the treatment of dysmenorrhea, beginning with the earliest onset of such pain, ibuprofen tablets should be given in a dose of 400 mg every 4 hours as
necessary for the relief of pain.
What interacts with Alivio?
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What are the warnings of Alivio?
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What are the precautions of Alivio?
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What should I look out for while using Alivio?
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Ibuprofen tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen.
Ibuprofen tablets should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic -
type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic-like reactions to
NSAIDs have been reported in such patients (see , and
PRECAUTIONS, PREEXISTING ASTHMA
Ibuprofen tablets are contraindicated for the treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery
bypass graft (CABG) surgery (see ).
WARNINGS
Cardiovascular Effects
Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events
Clinical trials of several COX - 2 selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years duration have
shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, and stroke,
which can be fatal. All NSAIDs, both COX - 2 selective and nonselective, may have a similar risk.
Patients with a known CV disease or risk factors for CV disease may be at greater risk. To minimize the
potential risk for an adverse CV event in patients treated with an NSAID, the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest
duration possible. Physicians and patients should remain alert for the
development of such events, even in the absence of previous CV symptoms. Patients should be
informed about the signs and/or symptoms of serious CV events and the steps to take if they occur.
There is not consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious
CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID does
increase the risk of serious GI events (see
ULCERATION, BLEEDING AND PERFORATION)
Two large, controlled clinical trials of a COX-2 selective NSAID for the treatment of pain in the first
10 - 14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke (see
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Hypertension
NSAIDs including ibuprofen tablets, can lead to onset of new hypertension or worsening of
pre-existing hypertension, either of which may contribute to the increased incidence of CV events. Patients
taking thiazides or loop diuretics may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs.
NSAIDs, including ibuprofen tablets, should be used with caution in patients with hypertension. Blood
pressure (BP) should be monitored closely during the initiation of NSAID treatment and throughout the course
of therapy.
Congestive Heart Failure and Edema.
Fluid retention and edema have been observed in some patients taking NSAIDs. Ibuprofen tablets
should be used with caution in patients with fluid rentention or heart failure.
Gastrointestinal Effects - Risk of Ulceration, Bleeding and Perforation
NSAIDs, including ibuprofen tablets, can cause serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of
the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, which can be fatal. These serious adverse events can occur at any time, with or without warning symptoms, in
patients treated with NSAIDs. Only one in five patients, who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy, is symptomatic. Upper GI ulcers,
gross bleeding, or perforation caused by NSAIDs occur in approximately 1 % of patients treated for 3 - 6 months, and in about 2 - 4 % of patients treated for one
year. These trends continue with longer duration of use, increasing the likelihood of developing a serious GI event at some time during the course of
therapy. However, even short - term therapy is not without risk. NSAIDs should be prescribed with extreme caution in those with a prior history of ulcer
disease or gastrointestinal bleeding. who use NSAIDs have a greater
than 10 - fold increased risk for developing a GI bleed compared to patients treated with neither of these risk factors. Other factors that increase the risk of
GI bleeding in patients treated with NSAIDs include concomitant use of oral corticosteroids or anticoagulants, longer duration of NSAID therapy,
smoking, use of alcohol, older age, and poor general health status. Most spontaneous reports of fatal GI events are in elderly or debilitated
patients and therefore, special care should be taken in treating this population.
To minimize the potential risk for an adverse GI event in patients treated with an NSAID, the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest
possible duration. Patients and physicians should remain alert for signs and symptoms of GI ulcerations and bleeding during NSAID therapy and
promptly initiate additional evaluation and treatment is a serious GI event is suspected. This should include discontinuation of the NSAID until a
serious GI adverse event is ruled out. For high - risk patients, alternate therapies that do not involve NSAIDs should be considered.
Renal Effects
Long - term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury. Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients
in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of a NSAID
may cause a dose - dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may precipitate overt renal decomposition.
Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors,
and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pretreatment state.
Advanced Renal Disease
No information is available from controlled clinical studies regarding the use of ibuprofen tablets in patients with advanced renal disease. Therefore,
treatment with ibuprofen tablets is not recommended in those patients with advanced renal disease. If ibuprofen tablet therapy must be initiated,
close monitoring of the patients renal function is advisable.
Anaphylactoid Reactions
As with other NSAIDs, anaphylactoid reactions may occur in patients without known prior exposure to ibuprofen tablets. Ibuprofen tablets should not
be given to patients with the aspirin triad. This symptom complex typically occurs in asthmatic patients who experience rhinitis with or without nasal
polyps, or who exhibit severe, potentially fatal bronchospasm after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs (see ,
Preexisting Asthma
Skin Reactions
NSAIDs, including ibuprofen tablets, can cause serious skin adverse events such as exfoliative dermatitis. Stevens - Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and
toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. These serious events may occur without warning. Patients should be informed about the signs
and symptoms of serious skin manifestations and use of the drug should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash or any other
sign of hypersensitivity.
Pregnancy
In late pregnancy, as with other NSAIDs, ibuprofen tablets should be avoided because it may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
What might happen if I take too much Alivio?
OVERDOSAGE
Approximately 1 1/2 hours after the reported ingestion of from 7 to 10 ibuprofen tablets (400 mg), a 19 - month old child weighing 12 kg was seen in the
hospital emergency room, apneic and cyanotic, responding only to painful stimuli. This type of stimulus, however, was sufficient to induce respiration.
Oxygen and parenteral fluids were given; a greenish - yellow fluid was aspirated from the stomach with no evidence to indicate the presence of ibuprofen.
Two hours after ingestion the child's condition seemed stable; she still responded only ro painful stimuli and continued to have periods of apnea lasting from
5 to 10 seconds. She was admitted to intensive care and sodium bicarbonate was administered as well as infusions of dextrose and normal saline. By four
hours post - ingestion she could be aroused easily, sit by herself and respond to spoken commands. Blood level of ibuprofen was 102.9 ug / mL approxiamtely
8 1/2 hours after accidental ingestion. As 12 hours she appeared to be completely recovered.
In two other reported cases where children (each weighing approximately 10 kg) accidentally, acutely ingested approximately 120 mg / kg, there were no
signs of acute intoxication or late sequelae. Blood level in one child 90 minutes after ingestion was 700 ug / mL - about 10 times the peak levels seen in
absorption - excretion studies.
A 19 - year old male who had taken 8,000 mg of ibuprofen over a period of a few hours complained of dizziness, and nystagmus was noted. After
hospitalization, parenteral hydration and three days bed rest, he recovered with no reported sequelae.
In cases of acute overdosage, the stomach should be emptied by vomiting or lavage, through little drug will likely be recovered if more than an hour has
elapsed since ingestion. Because the drug is acidic and is excreted in the urine, it is theoretically beneficial to administer alkali and induce diuresis. In
addition to supportive measures, the use of oral activated charcoal may help to reduce the absorption and reabsorption of ibuprofen tablets.
How should I store and handle Alivio?
Receipt, transfer, handling, possession, or use of this product is subject to the radioactive material regulations and licensing requirements of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Agreement States or Licensing States as appropriate.HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207HOW SUPPLIEDIbuprofen tablets are available in the following strengths:400 mg (White to off white, round, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '121' on one side andplain on the other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-400-90)600 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '122' on one side and plainon other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-600-90)800 mg (White to off white, capsule shaped, biconvex, film coated tablets debossed with '123' onone side and plain on other side)Bottles of 90 (NDC 69512-800-90)Store at 20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]Rx onlyDistributed by:Able Wholesalers1329A Baptist World Center Dr.Nashville, TN 37207
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
Ibuprofen tablets contain ibuprofen which possesses analgesic and antipyretic activities. Its mode of
action, like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood, but may be related to prostaglandin
synthetase inhibition.
In clinical studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, ibuprofen tablets have benn
shown to be comparable to aspirin in controlling pain and inflammation and to be associated with a
statistically significant reduction in the milder gastrointestinal side effects ( see ).
Ibuprofen tablets may be well tolerated in some patients who have had gastrointestinal side effects
with aspirin, but these patients when treated with ibuprofen tablets should be carefully followed for
signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Although it is not definitely known
whether ibuprofen tablets causes less peptic ulceration than aspirin, in one study involving 885
patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated for up to one year, there were no reports of gastric ulceration
with ibuprofen tablets whereas frank ulceration was reported in 13 patients in the aspirin group
(statistically significant p less than .001).
Gastropic studies at varying doses show an increased tendency toward gastric irritation at higher
doses. However, at comparable doses, gastric irritation is approximately half that seen with aspirin.
Studies using 51 Cr - taggedred cells indicate that fecal blood loss associated with ibuprofen tablets in
doses up to 2400 mg daily did not exceed the normal range, and was significantly less than that seen
in aspirin - treated patients.
In clinical studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ibuprofen tablets have been shown to be
comparable to indomethacin in controlling the signs and symptoms of disease activity and to be
associated with a statistically signifcant reduction of the milder gastrointestinal (see
REACTIONS
Ibuprofen tablets may be used in combination with gold salts and / or corticosteroids.
Controlled studies have demonstrated that ibuprofen tablets are a more effective analgesic than
propoxyphene for the relief of episiotomy pain, pain following dental extraction procedures, and for
the relief of the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea.
In patients with primary dysmenorrhea, ibuprofen tablets have been shown to reduce elevated levels
of prostaglandin activity in the menstrual fluid and to reduce resting and active intrauterine pressure,
as well as the frequency of uterine contractions. The probable mechanism of action is to inhibit
prostaglandin synthesis rather than simply to provide analgesia.
The ibuprofen in ibuprofen tablets is rapidly absorbed. Peak serum levels are generally
attained one to two hours after administration. With single doses up to 800 mg, a linear relationship
exists between amount of drug administered and the integrated area under the serum drug
concentration vs time curve. Above 800 mg, however, the area under the curve increases less than
proprotional to increases in dose. There is no evidence of drug accumulation or enzyme induction.
The adminstration of ibuprofen tablets either under fasting conditions or immediately before meals
yields quite similar serum ibuprofen concentration - time profiles. When ibuprofen tablets are
administered immediately after a meal, there is a reduction in the rate of absorption but no appreciable
decrease in the extent of absorption. The bioavailablity of the drug is minimally altered by
the presence of food.
A bioavailablity study has shown that there was no interference with the absorption of ibuprofen
when ibuprofen tablets were given in conjunction with an antacid containing both aluminum
hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
Ibuprofen is readily metabolized and eliminated in the urine. The excretion of ibuprofen is virtually
complete 24 hours after the last dose. The serum half - life is 1.8 to 2.0 hours.
Studies have shown that following ingestion of the drug, 45 % to 79 % of the dose was recovered in the
urine within 24 hours as metabolite A (25 %), (+) - 2 - [p - (2hydroxymethyl - propyl) phenyl] propionic acid
and metabolite B (37 %), (+) - [p - (2carboxypropyl) phenyl] propionic acid; the percentages of free acid and
conjugated ibuprofen were approximately 1 % and 14 %, respectively.
Non-Clinical Toxicology
CONTRAINDICATIONSIbuprofen tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen.
Ibuprofen tablets should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic -
type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic-like reactions to
NSAIDs have been reported in such patients (see , and
PRECAUTIONS, PREEXISTING ASTHMA
Ibuprofen tablets are contraindicated for the treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery
bypass graft (CABG) surgery (see ).
WARNINGS
Cardiovascular Effects
Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events
Clinical trials of several COX - 2 selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years duration have
shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, and stroke,
which can be fatal. All NSAIDs, both COX - 2 selective and nonselective, may have a similar risk.
Patients with a known CV disease or risk factors for CV disease may be at greater risk. To minimize the
potential risk for an adverse CV event in patients treated with an NSAID, the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest
duration possible. Physicians and patients should remain alert for the
development of such events, even in the absence of previous CV symptoms. Patients should be
informed about the signs and/or symptoms of serious CV events and the steps to take if they occur.
There is not consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious
CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID does
increase the risk of serious GI events (see
ULCERATION, BLEEDING AND PERFORATION)
Two large, controlled clinical trials of a COX-2 selective NSAID for the treatment of pain in the first
10 - 14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke (see
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Hypertension
NSAIDs including ibuprofen tablets, can lead to onset of new hypertension or worsening of
pre-existing hypertension, either of which may contribute to the increased incidence of CV events. Patients
taking thiazides or loop diuretics may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs.
NSAIDs, including ibuprofen tablets, should be used with caution in patients with hypertension. Blood
pressure (BP) should be monitored closely during the initiation of NSAID treatment and throughout the course
of therapy.
Congestive Heart Failure and Edema.
Fluid retention and edema have been observed in some patients taking NSAIDs. Ibuprofen tablets
should be used with caution in patients with fluid rentention or heart failure.
Gastrointestinal Effects - Risk of Ulceration, Bleeding and Perforation
NSAIDs, including ibuprofen tablets, can cause serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of
the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, which can be fatal. These serious adverse events can occur at any time, with or without warning symptoms, in
patients treated with NSAIDs. Only one in five patients, who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy, is symptomatic. Upper GI ulcers,
gross bleeding, or perforation caused by NSAIDs occur in approximately 1 % of patients treated for 3 - 6 months, and in about 2 - 4 % of patients treated for one
year. These trends continue with longer duration of use, increasing the likelihood of developing a serious GI event at some time during the course of
therapy. However, even short - term therapy is not without risk. NSAIDs should be prescribed with extreme caution in those with a prior history of ulcer
disease or gastrointestinal bleeding. who use NSAIDs have a greater
than 10 - fold increased risk for developing a GI bleed compared to patients treated with neither of these risk factors. Other factors that increase the risk of
GI bleeding in patients treated with NSAIDs include concomitant use of oral corticosteroids or anticoagulants, longer duration of NSAID therapy,
smoking, use of alcohol, older age, and poor general health status. Most spontaneous reports of fatal GI events are in elderly or debilitated
patients and therefore, special care should be taken in treating this population.
To minimize the potential risk for an adverse GI event in patients treated with an NSAID, the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest
possible duration. Patients and physicians should remain alert for signs and symptoms of GI ulcerations and bleeding during NSAID therapy and
promptly initiate additional evaluation and treatment is a serious GI event is suspected. This should include discontinuation of the NSAID until a
serious GI adverse event is ruled out. For high - risk patients, alternate therapies that do not involve NSAIDs should be considered.
Renal Effects
Long - term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury. Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients
in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of a NSAID
may cause a dose - dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may precipitate overt renal decomposition.
Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors,
and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pretreatment state.
Advanced Renal Disease
No information is available from controlled clinical studies regarding the use of ibuprofen tablets in patients with advanced renal disease. Therefore,
treatment with ibuprofen tablets is not recommended in those patients with advanced renal disease. If ibuprofen tablet therapy must be initiated,
close monitoring of the patients renal function is advisable.
Anaphylactoid Reactions
As with other NSAIDs, anaphylactoid reactions may occur in patients without known prior exposure to ibuprofen tablets. Ibuprofen tablets should not
be given to patients with the aspirin triad. This symptom complex typically occurs in asthmatic patients who experience rhinitis with or without nasal
polyps, or who exhibit severe, potentially fatal bronchospasm after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs (see ,
Preexisting Asthma
Skin Reactions
NSAIDs, including ibuprofen tablets, can cause serious skin adverse events such as exfoliative dermatitis. Stevens - Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and
toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. These serious events may occur without warning. Patients should be informed about the signs
and symptoms of serious skin manifestations and use of the drug should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash or any other
sign of hypersensitivity.
Pregnancy
In late pregnancy, as with other NSAIDs, ibuprofen tablets should be avoided because it may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
Other Xanthine Derivatives
Phenytoin
Glyburide
Metronidazole
Cyclosporine
Oral Anti-coagulants
Probenecid
Methotrexate
Metoclopramide
Duloxetine
NSAIDs
Lidocaine
Sildenafil
PRECAUTIONS
General
Ibuprofen tablets cannot be expected to substitute for corticosteroids or to treat corticosteroid insufficiency. Abrupt discontinuation of corticosteroids may
led to disease exacerbation. Patients with prolonged corticosteroids therapy should have their therapy tapered slowly if a decision is made to discontinue
corticosteroids.
The pharmacological activity of ibuprofen tablets in reducing fever and inflammation may diminish the utility of these diagnostic signs in detecting
complications of presumed noninfections, painful conditions.
Hepatic effects
Borderline elevations of one or more liver tests may occur in up to 15 % of patients taking NSAIDs, including ibuprofen tablets. These laboratory
abnormalities may progress, may remain unchanged, or may ne transient with continuing therapy. Notable elevations of ALT or AST (approximately
three or more times the upper limit of normal) have been reported in approximately 1 % of patients in clinical trials with NSAIDs. In addition, rare cases
of severe hepatic reactions, including jaundice, fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis, and hepatic failure, some of them with fatal outcomes have been reported.
A patient with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or with abnormal liver test values, should be evaluated for evidence of the development
of a more severe hepatic reaction while on therapy with ibuprofen tablets. If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or is systemic
manifestations occur (e.g. eosinophilia, rash, etc.), ibuprofen tablets should be discontinued.
Hematological effects
Anemia is sometimes seen in patients receiving NSAIDs, including ibuprofen tablets. This may be due to fluid retention, occult or gross GI blood loss, or an
incompletely described effect upon erythropoiesis. Patients on long - term treatment with NSAIDs, including ibuprofen tablets, should have their hemoglobin
or hematocrit checked if they exhibit any signs or symptoms of anemia.
In two postmarketing clinical studies the incidence of a decreased hemoglobin level was greater than previously reported. Decrease in hemoglobin of 1 gram
or more was observed in 17.1 % of 193 patients on 1600 mg ibuprofen daily (osteoarthritis) and in 22.8 % of 189 patients taking 2400 mg of ibuprofen daily
(rheumatoid arthritis). Positive stool occult blood tests and elevated serum creatinine levels were also observed in these studies.
NSAIDs inhibit platelet aggregation and have been shown to prolong bleeding time in some patients. Unlike aspirin, their effect on platelet function is
quantitatively less, of shorter duration, and reversible.
Patients receiving ibuprofen tablets who may be adversely affected by alterations in platelet function, such as those with coagulation disorders or patients
receiving anticoagulants should be carefully monitored.
Preexisting asthma
Patients with asthma may have aspirin - sensitive asthma. The use of aspirin in patients with aspirin - sensitive asthma has been associated with severe
bronchospasm, which can be fatal. Since cross reactivity, including bronchospasm, between aspirin and NSAIDs has been reported in such aspirin - sensitive
patients, ibuprofen tablets should not be administered to patients with this form of aspirin sensitivity and should be used in conjunction in patients with
preexisting asthma.
Ophthalmological effects
Blurred and/or diminished vision, scotomata, and/or changes in color vision have been reported. If a patient develops such complaints while receiving
ibuprofen tablets, the drug should be discontinued, and the patient should have an ophthalmological examination which includes central visual fields and color
vision testing.
Aseptic Meningitis
Aseptic meningitis with fever and coma has been observed on rare occasions in patients on ibuprofen therapy. Although it is probably more likely to occur
in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and related connective tissue diseases, it has been reported in patients who do not have an underlying chronic
disease. If signs or symptoms of meningitis develop in a patient on ibuprofen tablets, the possibility of its being related to ibuprofen tablets should be
considered.
Information for Patients
Patients should be informed of the following information before initiating therapy with an NSAID and periodically during the course of ongoing
therapy. Patients should also be encouraged to read the NSAID Medication Guide that accompanies each prescription dispensed
-Ibuprofen tablets like other NSAIDs, may cause serious CV side effects, such as MI or stroke, whichmay result in hospitalization and even death.
Although serious CV events can occur without warning symptoms, patients should be alert for the signs and symptoms of chest paid, shortness of breath,
weakness, slurring of speech, and should ask for medical advice when observing any indicative sign or symptoms. Patients should be apprised of the
importance of this follow - up (see ).
-Ibuprofen tablets, like other NSAIDs, can cause GI discomfort and, rarely, serious GI side effects, such as ulcers and bleeding, which may result in
hospitalization and even death. Although serious GI tract ulcerations and bleeding can occur without warning symptoms, patients should be alert for the
signs and symptoms of ulcerations and bleeding, and should ask for medical advice when observing any indicative signs or symptoms including
epigastric pain, dyspepsia, melena, and hematemesis. Patients should be apprised of the importance of this follow - up (see ,
Gastrointestinal Effects - Risk of Ulceration, Bleeding and Perforation
-Ibuprofen tablets, like other NSAIDs, can cause serious skin side effects such as exfoliative dermatitis, SJS and TEN, which may result in hospitalization
and even death. Although serious skin reactions may occur without warning, patients should be alert for the signs amd symptoms of skin rash and
blisters, fever, or other signs hypersensitivity such as itching, and should ask for medical advice when observing any indicative sign or symptoms.
Patients should be advised to stop the drug immediately if they develop any type of rash and contact their physicians as soon as possible.
-Patients should promptly report signs or symptoms of unexplained weight gain or edema to their physicians.
-Patients should be informed of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatoxicity (e.g. nauseam fatigue,lethargy, pruritus, jaundice, right upper quadrant
tenderness and flu-like symptoms). If these occur, patients should be instructed to stop therapy and seek immediate medical therapy.
-Patients should be informed of the signs of anaphylactoid reaction (e.g. difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat). If these occur, patients
should be instructed to seek immediate emergency help (see ).
-In late pregnancy, as with other NSAIDs, ibuprofen tablets should be avoided because it may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
Laboratory Tests
Because serious GI tract ulcerations and bleeding can occur without warning symptoms, physicians should monitor for signs or symptoms of GI bleeding.
Patients on long - term treatment with NSAIDs should have their CBC and chemistry profile checked periodically. If clinical signs and symptoms consistent
with liver or renal disease develop, systemic manifestations occur (e.g. eosinophilia, rash, etc), or abnormal liver tests persists or worsen, ibuprofen tablets
should be discontinued.
Drug Interactions
ACE - inhibitors
Reports suggest that NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE - inhibitors. This interaction should be given consideration in patients taking
NSAIDs concomitantly with ACE - inhibitors.
Aspirin
When ibuprofen tablets are administered with aspirin, its protein binding is reduced, although the clearance of free ibuprofen tablets is not altered. The
clinical significance of this interaction is not known; however, as with other NSAIDs, concomitant administration of ibuprofen and aspirin is not generally
recommended because of the potential for increased adverse effects.
Diuretics
Clinical studies, as well as post marketing observations, have shown that ibuprofen tablets can reduce the natriuretic effect - of furosemide and thiazides in
some patients. This response has been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. During concomitant therapy with NSAIDs, the patient should
be observed closely for signs of renal failure (see ), as well as to assure diuretic efficacy.
Lithium
Ibuprofen produced an elevation of plasma lithium levels and a reduction in renal lithium clearance in a study of eleven normal volunteers. The mean
minimum lithium concentration increased 15 % and the renal clearance of lithium was decreased by 19 % during this period of concomitant drug
administration. This effect has been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis by ibuprofen. Thus, when ibuprofen and lithium are
administered concurrently, subjects should be observed carefully for signs of lithium toxicity. (Read circulars for lithium preparation before use of such
concurrent therapy.)
Methotrexate
NSAIDs have been reported to competitively inhibit methotrexate accumulation in rabbit kidney slices. This may indicate that they could enhance the
toxicity of methotrexate. Caution should be used when NSAIDs are administered concomitantly with methotrexate.
Warfarin - type anticoagulants
Several short - term controlled studies failed to show that ibuprofen tablets significantly affected prothrombin times or a variety of other clotting factors when
administered to individuals on coumarin - type anticoagulants. However, because bleeding has been reported when ibuprofen tablets and other NSAIDs have
been administered to patients on coumarin - type anticoagulants, the physician should be cautious when administering ibuprofen tablets to patients on
anticoagulants. The effects of warfarin and NSAIDs on GI bleeding are synergistic, such that the users of both drugs together have a risk of serious GI
bleeding higher than users of either drug alone.
H - 2 Antagonists
In studies with human volunteers, co - administration of cimetidine or ranitidine with ibuprofen had no substantive effect on ibuprofen serum concentrations.
Pregnancy
Teratogenic effects - Pregnancy Category C
Reproductive studies conducted in rats and rabbits have not demonstrated evidence of developmental abnormalities. However, animal reporduction studies
are not always predictive of human response. There are no adequate and well - controlled studies in pregnant women. Ibuprofen tablets should be used in
pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Nonteratogenic effects
Because of the known effects of NSAIDs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of ductus arteriosus), use during late pregnancy should be avoided.
Labor and Delivery
In rat studies with NSAIDs, as with other drugs known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, an increased incidence of dystocia, delayed parturition, and
decreased pup survival occurred. The effects of ibuprofen tablets on labor and delivery in pregnant women are unknown.
Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human - milk and because of the potential for serious
adverse reactions in nursing infants from ibuprofen tablets, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into
account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness of ibuprofen tablets in pediatric patients have not been established.
Geriatric Use
As with any NSAIDs, caution should be exercised in treating the elderly (65 years and older).
ADVERSE REACTIONS
The most frequent type of adverse reaction occurring with ibuprofen tablets is gastrointestinal. In controlled clinical trials the percentage of patients
reporting one or more gastrointestinal complaints were ranged form 4 % to 16 %.
In controlled studies when ibuprofen tablets were compared to aspirin and indomethacin in equally effective doses, the overall incidence of gastrointestinal
complaints was about half that seen in either the aspirin - or indomethacin - treated patients.
Adverse reactions observed during controlled clinical trials at an incidence greater than 1 % are listed in the table. These reactions listed in Column one
encompass observations in approximately 3,000 patients. More than 500 of these patients were treated for periods of at least 54 weeks.
Still other reactions occurring less frequently than 1 in 100 were reported in controlled clinical trials and form marketing experience. These reactions have
been divided into two categories: Column two of the table lists reactions with therapy with ibuprofen tablets where the probability of a causal relationship
exists: for the reactions in Column three, a causal relationship with ibuprofen tablets has not been established.
Reported side effects were higher at doses of 3200 mg / day than at doses of 2400 mg or less per day in clinical trials of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The increases in incidence were slight were slight and still within the ranges reported in the table.
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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Clonazepam Description Each single-scored tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg Clonazepam, USP, a benzodiazepine. Each tablet also contains corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. Clonazepam tablets USP 0.5 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake. Clonazepam tablets USP 1 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake, as well as FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake. Chemically, Clonazepam, USP is 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula: C15H10ClN3O3 M.W. 315.72Tips
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