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Cat Hair
Overview
What is Cat Hair?
Standardized Cat Hair Extract is a clear, light yellow to amber solution of the allergens of cat hair, extracted in buffered saline containing sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and 50% glycerol by volume. Phenol at 0.4% w/v is added as a preservative.
Source material for the extract is obtained from the hair of the domestic cat. The importance of surface allergens in cat allergy has been shown in several investigations .
The potency of Standardized Cat Hair Extract is based on the amount of Fel d allergen in the extract. Extract containing 5-9.9 units per mL is assigned a potency of 5,000 Bioequivalent Allergy Units (BAU/mL). Extract containing 10-19.9 Fel d units is assigned a potency of 10,000 BAU/mL. BAU/mL values are based on quantitative skin testing.
The primary allergen of Standardized Cat Hair Extract is Fel d. Standardized Cat Pelt Extract contains Fel d, as well as non-Fel d allergens. The latter are believed to be components of cat serum, such as albumin. Pelt extracts have a higher protein content than hair extracts, and the isoelectric focusing (IEF) pattern of the pelt extract reveals protein bands that are not present in cat hair extracts. The IEF pattern of cat hair extracts shows primarily Fel d allergen without serum components.
The importance of Fel d as a means of standardizing the potency of cat extract is based on the following observations:
What does Cat Hair look like?
What are the available doses of Cat Hair?
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What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Cat Hair?
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How should I use Cat Hair?
Studies have shown that skin tests with cat extract are useful in the diagnosis of cat allergy. As a rule, persons with cat allergy have positive skin reactions when tested with cat extract, and non-allergic individuals rarely react. However, the relationship between a positive skin test and the appearance of clinical symptoms after exposure to a cat is not absolute, i.e., some skin-test positive persons do not experience allergic symptoms after exposure. Failure to experience symptoms may be dose related, since it is known that cats vary significantly in the amount of Fel d they produce.
The efficacy of cat extract immunotherapy in the treatment of bronchial asthma has been shown in two studies. A reduction in bronchial sensitivity was observed in five patients with cat allergy, whereas no reduction was observed in placebo treated, cat-allergic patients.
Diagnosis:
The mean three-fold dilution eliciting a response of 50 mm sum of erythema diameters was 11.120 (S.D. 2.38). The number of BAU/mL required to elicit this response was 0.05 (range 0.0003 to 9.24 BAU/mL). This concentration is approximately a 1:200,000 v/v dilution of the 10,000 BAU/mL extract.
Extract for intradermal testing should be used as follows:
Interpretation Of Skin Tests:
Scratch and Prick Test
Intradermal Test
Immunotherapy
What interacts with Cat Hair?
Standardized Cat Hair Extract should not be used for immunotherapy in persons who do not have cat-related allergic symptoms and a positive skin test to the extract.
What are the warnings of Cat Hair?
To provide information regarding the effects of in utero exposure to
carbamazepine, physicians are advised to recommend that pregnant patients taking
carbamazepine enroll in the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy
Registry. This can be done by calling the toll free number 1-888-233-2334, and
must be done by patients themselves. Information on the registry can also be
found at the website http://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/.
What are the precautions of Cat Hair?
GENERAL
PREGNANCY CATEGORY C
PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS
CARCINOGENESIS, MUTAGENESIS, IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY
NURSING MOTHERS
PEDIATRIC USE
DRUG INTERACTION
EXTREME SENSITIVITY TO CATS
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
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What are the side effects of Cat Hair?
Local Reactions From Skin Testing
Local Reactions From Subcutaneous Injections
Systemic Reactions
- Additional injections should not be given until all evidence of the reaction has disappeared.
- The next injection administered should be 50% of the last nonreacting dose or less, depending upon the size and severity of the local reaction.
- Subsequent injections should be continued at the reduced dosage unless the physician responsible for treatment believes that it is safe to increase the dose, and that possible clinical improvement would result from the administration of a larger dose of extract.
What should I look out for while using Cat Hair?
Standardized Cat Hair Extract should not be used for immunotherapy in persons who do not have cat-related allergic symptoms and a positive skin test to the extract.
Standardized Cat Hair Extract may cause local or severe life-threatening reactions when administered to highly sensitive individuals. Physicians who use this product should be familiar with the clinical use of allergenic extract and have the necessary emergency equipment and medications available to treat systematic allergic reactions. See Precautions, Adverse Reactions and Overdosage.
Standardized Cat Hair Extract should not be used interchangeably with Standardized Cat Pelt Extracts or previously standardized cat extracts labeled in Allergy Units per mL. Cat hair extracts labeled in BAU/mL made by other manufacturers should be tested for bioequivalency by serial titration skin testing before these products are used in patients who have previously received Allermed Standardized Cat Hair Extract.
The dosage of Standardized Cat Hair Extract must be reduced when starting a patient on a new lot of Standardized Cat Hair Extract containing the same amount of Fel d units per mL. This is necessary due to a possible loss of potency during storage in the physician's office. The dose of the new lot of extract should not exceed 1/4 the last dose given from the old lot of extract.
Any evidence of a strong local reaction or systemic reaction following the administration of Standardized Cat Hair Extract requires a reduction in dosage during the initial stages of immunotherapy, as well as during maintenance therapy.
What might happen if I take too much Cat Hair?
Severe generalized symptoms or anaphylaxis following an injection must be treated immediately with Epinephrine HCL 1:1,000 as follows: Usual Dosage-Infants under 2 years 0.05 to 0.1 cc; children under 12 years 0.1 to 0.2 cc; persons over 12 years 0.3 to 0.5 cc, repeated as necessary every 10 to 15 minutes. Placement of a tourniquet above the site of injection may be helpful in controlling the absorption of the extract. It should be released every 10 minutes and reapplied as needed. Intravenous antihistamines and hydrocortisone also may be used, but only after sufficient epinephrine has been given (See Adverse Reactions).
How should I store and handle Cat Hair?
Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) (see USP Controlled Room Temperature). PROTECT FROM LIGHT. KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED. Sarafem is a registered trademark of Eli Lilly and Company. Standardized Cat Hair Extract containing 10,000 BAU per mL is supplied in 5 mL dropper vials for scratch or prick testing and in 10 mL, 30 mL and 50 mL vials as concentrate.
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
Positive skin tests with allergenic extract are the result of histamine release from mast cells sensitized with allergen specific IgE. The exact mechanisms by which immunotherapy relieves symptoms of allergy are still under investigation. Elevations in allergen-specific IgG antibodies and an increase in the activity of T suppressor lymphocytes appear to be some of the immunologic changes that occur from hyposensitization.
Non-Clinical Toxicology
Standardized Cat Hair Extract should not be used for immunotherapy in persons who do not have cat-related allergic symptoms and a positive skin test to the extract.Standardized Cat Hair Extract may cause local or severe life-threatening reactions when administered to highly sensitive individuals. Physicians who use this product should be familiar with the clinical use of allergenic extract and have the necessary emergency equipment and medications available to treat systematic allergic reactions. See Precautions, Adverse Reactions and Overdosage. Standardized Cat Hair Extract should not be used interchangeably with Standardized Cat Pelt Extracts or previously standardized cat extracts labeled in Allergy Units per mL. Cat hair extracts labeled in BAU/mL made by other manufacturers should be tested for bioequivalency by serial titration skin testing before these products are used in patients who have previously received Allermed Standardized Cat Hair Extract. The dosage of Standardized Cat Hair Extract must be reduced when starting a patient on a new lot of Standardized Cat Hair Extract containing the same amount of Fel d units per mL. This is necessary due to a possible loss of potency during storage in the physician's office. The dose of the new lot of extract should not exceed 1/4 the last dose given from the old lot of extract. Any evidence of a strong local reaction or systemic reaction following the administration of Standardized Cat Hair Extract requires a reduction in dosage during the initial stages of immunotherapy, as well as during maintenance therapy.
The vasodilating effects of nitroglycerin may be additive with those of other vasodilators. Alcohol, in particular, has been found to exhibit additive effects of this variety.
Marked symptomatic orthostatic hypotension has been reported when calcium channel blockers and organic nitrates were used in combination. Dose adjustments of either class of agents may be necessary.
GENERAL
PREGNANCY CATEGORY C
PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS
CARCINOGENESIS, MUTAGENESIS, IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY
NURSING MOTHERS
PEDIATRIC USE
DRUG INTERACTION
EXTREME SENSITIVITY TO CATS
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Local Reactions From Skin Testing
Local Reactions From Subcutaneous Injections
Systemic Reactions
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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