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Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride
Overview
What is Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine?
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride is a white, crystalline tricyclic amine salt with the empirical formula CHN·HCl and a molecular weight of 311.9. It has a melting point of 217°C, and a pK of 8.47 at 25°C. It is freely soluble in water and alcohol, sparingly soluble in isopropanol, and insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents. If aqueous solutions are made alkaline, the free base separates. Cyclobenzaprine HCl is designated chemically as 3-(dibenzo[,]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-, -dimethyl-1-propanamine hydrochloride, and has the following structural formula:
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride is supplied as a 10 mg tablet for oral administration.
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride tablets 10 mg contain the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, D&C Yellow #10 aluminum lake, FD&C Blue #2 aluminum lake, FD&C Yellow #6 aluminum lake, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, silicon dioxide, talc, and titanium dioxide.
What does Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine look like?
What are the available doses of Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine?
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What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine?
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How should I use Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine?
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride is indicated as an adjunct to rest and physical therapy for relief of muscle spasm associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions.
Improvement is manifested by relief of muscle spasm and its associated signs and symptoms, namely, pain, tenderness, limitation of motion, and restriction in activities of daily living.
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride should be used only for short periods (up to two or three weeks) because adequate evidence of effectiveness for more prolonged use is not available and because muscle spasm associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions is generally of short duration and specific therapy for longer periods is seldom warranted.
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride has not been found effective in the treatment of spasticity associated with cerebral or spinal cord disease, or in children with cerebral palsy.
For most patients, the recommended dose of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride is 5 mg three times a day. Based on individual patient response, the dose may be increased to 10 mg three times a day. Use of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride for periods longer than two or three weeks is not recommended. (see ).
Less frequent dosing should be considered for hepatically impaired or elderly patients (see
.
What interacts with Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine?
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What are the warnings of Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine?
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What are the precautions of Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine?
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What are the side effects of Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine?
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What should I look out for while using Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine?
Hypersensitivity to any component of this product.
Concomitant use of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors or within 14 days after their discontinuation. Hyperpyretic crisis seizures, and deaths have occurred in patients receiving cyclobenzaprine (or structurally similar tricyclic antidepressants) concomitantly with MAO inhibitor drugs.
Acute recovery phase of myocardial infarction, and patients with arrhythmias, heart block or conduction disturbances, or congestive heart failure.
Hyperthyroidism.
Cyclobenzaprine is closely related to the tricyclic antidepressants, e.g., amitriptyline and imipramine. In short term studies for indications other than muscle spasm associated with acute musculoskeletal conditions, and usually at doses somewhat greater than those recommended for skeletal muscle spasm, some of the more serious central nervous system reactions noted with the tricyclic antidepressants have occurred (see WARNINGS, below, and ).
Tricyclic antidepressants have been reported to produce arrhythmias, sinus tachycardia, prolongation of the conduction time leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride may enhance the effects of alcohol, barbiturates, and other CNS depressants.
What might happen if I take too much Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine?
Although rare, deaths may occur from overdosage with cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride.
Multiple drug ingestion (including alcohol) is common in deliberate cyclobenzaprine overdose. Signs and symptoms of toxicity may develop rapidly after cyclobenzaprine overdose; therefore, hospital monitoring is required as soon as possible. The acute oral LD of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride is approximately 338 and 425 mg/kg in mice and rats, respectively.
MANIFESTATIONS
The most common effects associated with cyclobenzaprine overdose are drowsiness and tachycardia. Less frequent manifestations include tremor, agitation, coma, ataxia, hypertension, slurred speech, confusion, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and hallucinations. Rare but potentially critical manifestations of overdose are cardiac arrest, chest pain, cardiac dysrhythmias, severe hypotension, seizures, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Changes in the electrocardiogram, particularly in QRS axis or width, are clinically significant indicators of cyclobenzaprine toxicity.
Other potential effects of overdosage include any of the symptoms listed under ADVERSE REACTIONS.
MANAGEMENT
General
As management of overdose is complex and changing, it is recommended that the physician contact a poison control center for current information on treatment.
In order to protect against the rare but potentially critical manifestations described above, obtain an ECG and immediately initiate cardiac monitoring. Protect the patient's airway, establish an intravenous line and initiate gastric decontamination. Observation with cardiac monitoring and observation for signs of CNS or respiratory depression, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias and/or conduction blocks, and seizures is necessary. If signs of toxicity occur at any time during this period, extended monitoring is required. Monitoring of plasma drug levels should not guide management of the patient. Dialysis is probably of no value because of low plasma concentrations of the drug.
Gastrointestinal Decontamination
All patients suspected of an overdose with cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride should receive gastrointestinal decontamination. This should include large volume gastric lavage followed by activated charcoal. If consciousness is impaired, the airway should be secured prior to lavage and emesis is contraindicated.
Cardiovascular
A maximal limb-lead QRS duration of ≥0.10 seconds may be the best indication of the severity of the overdose. Serum alkalinization, to a pH of 7.45 to 7.55, using intravenous sodium bicarbonate and hyperventilation (as needed), should be instituted for patients with dysrhythmias and/or QRS widening. A pH >7.60 or a pCO <20 mmHg is undesirable. Dysrhythmias unresponsive to sodium bicarbonate therapy/hyperventilation may respond to lidocaine, bretylium or phenytoin. Type 1A and 1C antiarrhythmics are generally contraindicated (e.g., quinidine, disopyramide, and procainamide).
CNS
In patients with CNS depression, early intubation is advised because of the potential for abrupt deterioration. Seizures should be controlled with benzodiazepines or, if these are ineffective, other anticonvulsants (e.g. phenobarbital, phenytoin). Physostigmine is not recommended except to treat life-threatening symptoms that have been unresponsive to other therapies, and then only in close consultation with a poison control center.
PSYCHIATRIC FOLLOW-UP
Since overdosage is often deliberate, patients may attempt suicide by other means during the recovery phase. Psychiatric referral may be appropriate.
PEDIATRIC MANAGEMENT
The principles of management of child and adult overdosages are similar. It is strongly recommended that the physician contact the local poison control center for specific pediatric treatment.
How should I store and handle Comfort Pac With Cyclobenzaprine?
Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.Unused NovoLog should be stored in a refrigerator between 2° and 8°C (36° to 46°F). Do not store in the freezer or directly adjacent to the refrigerator cooling element. NovoLog should not be drawn into a syringe and stored for later use.Unpunctured vials can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused vials in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light.Once a cartridge or a NovoLog FlexPen is punctured, it should be kept at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight. A NovoLog FlexPen or cartridge in use must NOT be stored in the refrigerator. Keep the NovoLog FlexPen and all PenFill cartridges away from direct heat and sunlight. Unpunctured NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges can be used until the expiration date printed on the label if they are stored in a refrigerator. Keep unused NovoLog FlexPen and PenFill cartridges in the carton so they will stay clean and protected from light. Always remove the needle after each injection and store the 3 mL PenFill cartridge delivery device or NovoLog FlexPen without a needle attached. This prevents contamination and/or infection, or leakage of insulin, and will ensure accurate dosing. Always use a new needle for each injection to prevent contamination.NovoLog in the pump reservoir should be discarded after at least every 6 days of use or after exposure to temperatures that exceed 37°C (98.6°F). The infusion set and the infusion set insertion site should be changed at least every 3 days.The storage conditions are summarized in the following table:NovoLog diluted with Insulin Diluting Medium for NovoLog to a concentration equivalent to U-10 or equivalent to U-50 may remain in patient use at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) for 28 days.Infusion bags prepared as indicated under are stable at room temperature for 24 hours. Some insulin will be initially adsorbed to the material of the infusion bag.The tablets are supplied as follows:100 count bottle NDC 65162-541-10500 count bottle NDC 65162-541-501000 count bottle NDC 65162-541-11Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg tablets are supplied as butterscotch yellow, round, film-coated convex tablets, debossed with "AN41" on one side and plain on the other side.Storage and HandlingStore at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C - 30°C (59°F - 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. This is a bulk package. Dispense contents with a child-resistant closure (as required) and in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP.KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATION OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.The tablets are supplied as follows:100 count bottle NDC 65162-541-10500 count bottle NDC 65162-541-501000 count bottle NDC 65162-541-11Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg tablets are supplied as butterscotch yellow, round, film-coated convex tablets, debossed with "AN41" on one side and plain on the other side.Storage and HandlingStore at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C - 30°C (59°F - 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. This is a bulk package. Dispense contents with a child-resistant closure (as required) and in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP.KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATION OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.The tablets are supplied as follows:100 count bottle NDC 65162-541-10500 count bottle NDC 65162-541-501000 count bottle NDC 65162-541-11Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg tablets are supplied as butterscotch yellow, round, film-coated convex tablets, debossed with "AN41" on one side and plain on the other side.Storage and HandlingStore at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C - 30°C (59°F - 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. This is a bulk package. Dispense contents with a child-resistant closure (as required) and in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP.KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATION OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.The tablets are supplied as follows:100 count bottle NDC 65162-541-10500 count bottle NDC 65162-541-501000 count bottle NDC 65162-541-11Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg tablets are supplied as butterscotch yellow, round, film-coated convex tablets, debossed with "AN41" on one side and plain on the other side.Storage and HandlingStore at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C - 30°C (59°F - 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. This is a bulk package. Dispense contents with a child-resistant closure (as required) and in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP.KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATION OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.The tablets are supplied as follows:100 count bottle NDC 65162-541-10500 count bottle NDC 65162-541-501000 count bottle NDC 65162-541-11Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg tablets are supplied as butterscotch yellow, round, film-coated convex tablets, debossed with "AN41" on one side and plain on the other side.Storage and HandlingStore at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C - 30°C (59°F - 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. This is a bulk package. Dispense contents with a child-resistant closure (as required) and in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP.KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATION OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.The tablets are supplied as follows:100 count bottle NDC 65162-541-10500 count bottle NDC 65162-541-501000 count bottle NDC 65162-541-11Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg tablets are supplied as butterscotch yellow, round, film-coated convex tablets, debossed with "AN41" on one side and plain on the other side.Storage and HandlingStore at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C - 30°C (59°F - 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. This is a bulk package. Dispense contents with a child-resistant closure (as required) and in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP.KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATION OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.The tablets are supplied as follows:100 count bottle NDC 65162-541-10500 count bottle NDC 65162-541-501000 count bottle NDC 65162-541-11Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg tablets are supplied as butterscotch yellow, round, film-coated convex tablets, debossed with "AN41" on one side and plain on the other side.Storage and HandlingStore at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C - 30°C (59°F - 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. This is a bulk package. Dispense contents with a child-resistant closure (as required) and in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP.KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATION OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.The tablets are supplied as follows:100 count bottle NDC 65162-541-10500 count bottle NDC 65162-541-501000 count bottle NDC 65162-541-11Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg tablets are supplied as butterscotch yellow, round, film-coated convex tablets, debossed with "AN41" on one side and plain on the other side.Storage and HandlingStore at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C - 30°C (59°F - 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. This is a bulk package. Dispense contents with a child-resistant closure (as required) and in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP.KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATION OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
Cyclobenzaprine HCl relieves skeletal muscle spasm of local origin without interfering with muscle function. It is ineffective in muscle spasm due to central nervous system disease.
Cyclobenzaprine reduced or abolished skeletal muscle hyperactivity in several animal models. Animal studies indicate that cyclobenzaprine does not act at the neuromuscular junction or directly on skeletal muscle. Such studies show that cyclobenzaprine acts primarily within the central nervous system at brain stem as opposed to spinal cord levels, although its action on the latter may contribute to its overall skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Evidence suggests that the net effect of cyclobenzaprine is a reduction of tonic somatic motor activity, influencing both gamma (γ) and alpha (α) motor systems.
Pharmacological studies in animals showed a similarity between the effects of cyclobenzaprine and the structurally related tricyclic antidepressants, including reserpine antagonism, norepinephrine potentiation, potent peripheral and central anticholinergic effects, and sedation. Cyclobenzaprine caused slight to moderate increase in heart rate in animals.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimates of mean oral bioavailability of cyclobenzaprine range from 33% to 55%. Cyclobenzaprine exhibits linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range 2.5 mg to 10 mg, and is subject to enterohepatic circulation. It is highly bound to plasma proteins. Drug accumulates when dosed three times a day, reaching steady-state within 3-4 days at plasma concentrations about four-fold higher than after a single dose. At steady state in healthy subjects receiving 10 mg t.i.d. (n=18), peak plasma concentration was 25.9 ng/mL (range, 12.8-46.1 ng/mL), and area under the concentration-time (AUC) curve over an 8-hour dosing interval was 177 ng.hr/mL (range, 80-319 ng.hr/mL).
Cyclobenzaprine is extensively metabolized, and is excreted primarily as glucuronides via the kidney. Cytochromes P-450 3A4, 1A2, and, to a lesser extent, 2D6, mediate N-demethylation, one of the oxidative pathways for cyclobenzaprine. Cyclobenzaprine is eliminated quite slowly, with an effective half-life of 18 hours (range 8-37 hours; n=18); plasma clearance is 0.7 L/min.
The plasma concentration of cyclobenzaprine is generally higher in the elderly and in patients with hepatic impairment. (See and
)
Elderly
In a pharmacokinetic study in elderly individuals (≥65yrs old), mean (n=10) steady-state cyclobenzaprine AUC values were approximately 1.7 fold (171.0 ng.hr/mL, range 96.1-255.3) higher than those seen in a group of eighteen younger adults (101.4 ng.hr/mL, range 36.1-182.9) from another study. Elderly male subjects had the highest observed mean increase, approximately 2.4 fold (198.3 ng.hr/mL, range 155.6-255.3 versus 83.2 ng.hr/mL, range 41.1-142.5 for younger males) while levels in elderly females were increased to a much lesser extent, approximately 1.2 fold (143.8 ng.hr/mL, range 96.1-196.3 versus 115.9 ng.hr/mL, range 36.1-182.9 for younger females).
In light of these findings, therapy with cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride in the elderly should be initiated with a 5 mg dose and titrated slowly upward.
Hepatic Impairment
In a pharmacokinetic study of sixteen subjects with hepatic impairment (15 mild, 1 moderate per Child-Pugh score), both AUC and C were approximately double the values seen in the healthy control group. Based on the findings, cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride should be used with caution in subjects with mild hepatic impairment starting with the 5 mg dose and titrating slowly upward. Due to the lack of data in subjects with more severe hepatic insufficiency, the use of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride in subjects with moderate to severe impairment is not recommended.
No significant effect on plasma levels or bioavailability of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride or aspirin was noted when single or multiple doses of the two drugs were administered concomitantly. Concomitant administration of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride and naproxen or diflunisal was well tolerated with no reported unexpected adverse effects. However combination therapy of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride with naproxen was associated with more side effects than therapy with naproxen alone, primarily in the form of drowsiness. No well controlled studies have been performed to indicate that cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride enhances the clinical effect of aspirin or other analgesics, or whether analgesics enhance the clinical effect of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride in acute musculoskeletal conditions.
Clinical Studies
Eight double-blind controlled clinical studies were performed in 642 patients comparing cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg, diazepam**, and placebo. Muscle spasm, local pain and tenderness, limitation of motion, and restriction in activities of daily living were evaluated. In three of these studies there was a significantly greater improvement with cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride than with diazepam, while in the other studies the improvement following both treatments was comparable.
Although the frequency and severity of adverse reactions observed in patients treated with cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride were comparable to those observed in patients treated with diazepam, dry mouth was observed more frequently in patients treated with cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride and dizziness more frequently in those treated with diazepam. The incidence of drowsiness, the most frequent adverse reaction, was similar with both drugs.
The efficacy of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 5 mg was demonstrated in two seven-day, double-blind, controlled clinical trials enrolling 1405 patients. One study compared cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 5 mg and 10 mg t.i.d. to placebo; and a second study compared cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 5 mg and 2.5 mg t.i.d. to placebo. Primary endpoints for both trials were determined by patient-generated data and included global impression of change, medication helpfulness, and relief from starting backache. Each endpoint consisted of a score on a 5-point rating scale (from 0 or worst outcome to 4 or best outcome). Secondary endpoints included a physician's evaluation of the presence and extent of palpable muscle spasm.
Comparisons of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 5 mg and placebo groups in both trials established the statistically significant superiority of the 5 mg dose for all three primary endpoints at day 8 and, in the study comparing 5 and 10 mg, at day 3 or 4 as well. A similar effect was observed with cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg (all endpoints). Physician-assessed secondary endpoints also showed that cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 5 mg was associated with a greater reduction in palpable muscle spasm than placebo.
Analysis of the data from controlled studies shows that cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride produces clinical improvement whether or not sedation occurs.
**VALIUM® (diazepam, Roche)
Surveillance Program
A post-marketing surveillance program was carried out in 7607 patients with acute musculoskeletal disorders, and included 297 patients treated with cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg for 30 days or longer. The overall effectiveness of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride was similar to that observed in the double-blind controlled studies; the overall incidence of adverse effects was less (see ).
Non-Clinical Toxicology
Hypersensitivity to any component of this product.Concomitant use of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors or within 14 days after their discontinuation. Hyperpyretic crisis seizures, and deaths have occurred in patients receiving cyclobenzaprine (or structurally similar tricyclic antidepressants) concomitantly with MAO inhibitor drugs.
Acute recovery phase of myocardial infarction, and patients with arrhythmias, heart block or conduction disturbances, or congestive heart failure.
Hyperthyroidism.
Cyclobenzaprine is closely related to the tricyclic antidepressants, e.g., amitriptyline and imipramine. In short term studies for indications other than muscle spasm associated with acute musculoskeletal conditions, and usually at doses somewhat greater than those recommended for skeletal muscle spasm, some of the more serious central nervous system reactions noted with the tricyclic antidepressants have occurred (see WARNINGS, below, and ).
Tricyclic antidepressants have been reported to produce arrhythmias, sinus tachycardia, prolongation of the conduction time leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride may enhance the effects of alcohol, barbiturates, and other CNS depressants.
Concomitant administration of vancomycin and anesthetic agents has been associated with erythema and histamine-like flushing (see ) and anaphylactoid reactions (see ).
Concurrent and/or sequential systemic or topical use of other potentially neurotoxic and/or nephrotoxic drugs, such as amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, bacitracin, polymyxin B, colistin, viomycin or cisplatin, when indicated, requires careful monitoring.
General
Because of its atropine-like action, cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with a history of urinary retention, angle-closure glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, and in patients taking anticholinergic medication.
Impaired Hepatic Function
The plasma concentration of cyclobenzaprine is increased in patients with hepatic impairment (see ). These patients are generally more susceptible to drugs with potentially sedating effects, including cyclobenzaprine. Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride should be used with caution in subjects with mild hepatic impairment starting with a 5 mg dose and titrating slowly upward. Due to the lack of data in subjects with more severe hepatic insufficiency, the use of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride in subjects with moderate to severe impairment is not recommended.
Information for Patients
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, especially when used with alcohol or other CNS depressants, may impair mental and/or physical abilities required for performance of hazardous tasks, such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle. In the elderly, the frequency and severity of adverse events associated with the use of cyclobenzaprine, with or without concomitant medications, is increased. In elderly patients, cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride should be initiated with a 5 mg dose and titrated slowly upward.
Drug Interactions
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride may have life-threatening interactions with MAO inhibitors. (See .)
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride may enhance the effects of alcohol, barbiturates, and other CNS depressants.
Tricyclic antidepressants may block the antihypertensive action of guanethidine and similarly acting compounds.
Tricyclic antidepressants may enhance the seizure risk in patients taking tramadol.†
†ULTRAM® (tramadol HCl tablets, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical)
ULTRACET® (tramadol HCl and acetaminophen tablets, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical)
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
In rats treated with cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride for up to 67 weeks at doses of approximately 5 to 40 times the maximum recommended human dose, pale, sometimes enlarged, livers were noted and there was a dose-related hepatocyte vacuolation with lipidosis. In the higher dose groups this microscopic change was seen after 26 weeks and even earlier in rats which died prior to 26 weeks; at lower doses, the change was not seen until after 26 weeks.
Cyclobenzaprine did not affect the onset, incidence or distribution of neoplasia in an 81-week study in the mouse or in a 105-week study in the rat.
At oral doses of up to 10 times the human dose, cyclobenzaprine did not adversely affect the reproductive performance or fertility of male or female rats. Cyclobenzaprine did not demonstrate mutagenic activity in the male mouse at dose levels of up to 20 times the human dose.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category B:
Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because cyclobenzaprine is closely related to the tricyclic antidepressants, some of which are known to be excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride in pediatric patients below 15 years of age have not been established.
Use in the Elderly
The plasma concentration of cyclobenzaprine is increased in the elderly (see . The elderly may also be more at risk for CNS adverse events such as hallucinations and confusion, cardiac events resulting in falls or other sequelae, drug-drug and drug-disease interactions. For these reasons, in the elderly, cyclobenzaprine should be used only if clearly needed. In such patients cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride should be initiated with a 5 mg dose and titrated slowly upward.
Incidence of most common adverse reactions in the 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled
5 mg studies (incidence of > 3% on cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 5 mg):
Adverse reactions which were reported in 1% to 3% of the patients were: abdominal pain, acid regurgitation, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea, irritability, mental acuity decreased, nervousness, upper respiratory infection, and pharyngitis.
The following list of adverse reactions is based on the experience in 473 patients treated with cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg in additional controlled clinical studies, 7607 patients in the post-marketing surveillance program, and reports received since the drug was marketed. The overall incidence of adverse reactions among patients in the surveillance program was less than the incidence in the controlled clinical studies.
The adverse reactions reported most frequently with cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride were drowsiness, dry mouth and dizziness. The incidence of these common adverse reactions was lower in the surveillance program than in the controlled clinical studies:
Note: Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 10 mg data are from one clinical trial.
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 5 mg and placebo data are from two studies.
Among the less frequent adverse reactions, there was no appreciable difference in incidence in controlled clinical studies or in the surveillance program. Adverse reactions which were reported in 1% to 3% of the patients were: fatigue/tiredness, asthenia, nausea, constipation, dyspepsia, unpleasant taste, blurred vision, headache, nervousness, and confusion.
The following adverse reactions have been reported in post-marketing experience or with an incidence of less than 1% of patients in clinical trials with the 10 mg tablet:
Body as a Whole:
Cardiovascular:
Digestive:
Hypersensitivity:
Musculoskeletal:
Nervous System and Psychiatric:
Skin:
Special Senses:
Urogenital:
Causal Relationship Unknown
Other reactions, reported rarely for cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride under circumstances where a causal relationship could not be established or reported for other tricyclic drugs, are listed to serve as alerting information to physicians:
Body as a whole:
Cardiovascular:
Digestive:
Endocrine:
Hematic and Lymphatic:
Metabolic, Nutritional and Immune:
Musculoskeletal:
Nervous System and Psychiatric:
Respiratory:
Skin:
Urogenital:
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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Clonazepam Description Each single-scored tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg Clonazepam, USP, a benzodiazepine. Each tablet also contains corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. Clonazepam tablets USP 0.5 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake. Clonazepam tablets USP 1 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake, as well as FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake. Chemically, Clonazepam, USP is 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula: C15H10ClN3O3 M.W. 315.72Tips
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Interactions
Interactions
A total of 440 drugs (1549 brand and generic names) are known to interact with Imbruvica (ibrutinib). 228 major drug interactions (854 brand and generic names) 210 moderate drug interactions (691 brand and generic names) 2 minor drug interactions (4 brand and generic names) Show all medications in the database that may interact with Imbruvica (ibrutinib).