Disclaimer:
Medidex is not a provider of medical services and all information is provided for the convenience of the user. No medical decisions should be made based on the information provided on this website without first consulting a licensed healthcare provider.This website is intended for persons 18 years or older. No person under 18 should consult this website without the permission of a parent or guardian.
cosyntropin
Overview
What is Cosyntropin?
Cosyntropin for injection is a sterile lyophilized powder in vials containing 0.25 mg of cosyntropin and 10 mg of mannitol. Prior to lyophilization the pH may be adjusted with acetic acid and/or sodium hydroxide. The lyophilized powder is to be reconstituted with 1 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection, USP. Administration is by intravenous or intramuscular injection. Cosyntropin is α 1-24 corticotropin, a synthetic subunit of ACTH. It is an open chain polypeptide containing, from the N terminus, the first 24 of the 39 amino acids of natural ACTH. The sequence of amino acids in the 1-24 compound is as follows:
What does Cosyntropin look like?
What are the available doses of Cosyntropin?
Sorry No records found.
What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Cosyntropin?
Sorry No records found
How should I use Cosyntropin?
Cosyntropin for injection is intended for use as a diagnostic agent in the screening of patients presumed to have adrenocortical insufficiency. Because of its rapid effect on the adrenal cortex it may be utilized to perform a 30 minute test of adrenal function (plasma cortisol response) as an office or outpatient procedure, using only two venipunctures (see section).
Severe hypofunction of the pituitary - adrenal axis is usually associated with subnormal plasma cortisol values but a low basal level is not per se evidence of adrenal insufficiency and does not suffice to make the diagnosis. Many patients with proven insufficiency will have normal basal levels and will develop signs of insufficiency only when stressed. For this reason a criterion which should be used in establishing the diagnosis is the failure to respond to adequate corticotropin stimulation. When presumptive adrenal insufficiency is diagnosed by a subnormal cosyntropin test, further studies are indicated to determine if it is primary or secondary.
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) is the result of an intrinsic disease process, such as tuberculosis within the gland. The production of adrenocortical hormones is deficient despite high ACTH levels (feedback mechanism). Secondary or relative insufficiency arises as the result of defective production of ACTH leading in turn to disuse atrophy of the adrenal cortex. It is commonly seen, for example, as result of corticosteroid therapy, Sheehan's syndrome and pituitary tumors or ablation.
The differentiation of both types is based on the premise that a primarily defective gland cannot be stimulated by ACTH whereas a secondarily defective gland is potentially functional and will respond to adequate stimulation with ACTH. Patients selected for further study as the result of a subnormal cosyntropin test should be given a 3 or 4 day course of treatment with repository corticotropin injection and then retested. Suggested doses are 40 units twice daily for 4 days or 60 units twice daily for 3 days. Under these conditions little or no increase in plasma cortisol levels will be seen in Addison's disease whereas higher or even normal levels will be seen in cases with secondary adrenal insufficiency.
Cosyntropin for injection may be administered intramuscularly or as a direct intravenous injection when used as a rapid screening test of adrenal function. It may also be given as an intravenous infusion over a 4 to 8 hour period to provide a greater stimulus to the adrenal glands. Doses of cosyntropin 0.25 to 0.75 mg have been used in clinical studies and a maximal response noted with the smallest dose.
A suggested method for a rapid screening test of adrenal function has been described by Wood and Associates (1). A control blood sample of 6 to 7 mL is collected in a heparinized tube. Reconstitute 0.25 mg of cosyntropin with 1 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection and inject intramuscularly. The reconstituted drug product should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to injection. Reconstituted cosyntropin should not be retained. In the pediatric population, aged 2 years or less, a dose of 0.125 mg will often suffice. A second blood sample is collected exactly 30 minutes later. Both blood samples should be refrigerated until sent to the laboratory for determination of the plasma cortisol response by some appropriate method. If it is not possible to send them to the laboratory or perform the fluorimetric procedure within 12 hours, then the plasma should be separated and refrigerated or frozen according to need.
Two alternative methods of administration are intravenous injection and infusion. Cosyntropin can be injected intravenously in 2 to 5 mL of saline over a 2 minute period. When given as an intravenous infusion: cosyntropin, 0.25 mg may be added to glucose or saline solutions and given at the rate of approximately 40 micrograms per hour over a 6 hour period. It should not be added to blood or plasma as it is apt to be inactivated by enzymes. Adrenal response may be measured in the usual manner by determining urinary steroid excretion before and after treatment or by measuring plasma cortisol levels before and at the end of the infusion. The latter is preferable because the urinary steroid excretion does not always accurately reflect the adrenal or plasma cortisol response to ACTH.
The usual normal response in most cases is an approximate doubling of the basal level, provided that the basal level does not exceed the normal range. Patients receiving cortisone, hydrocortisone or spironolactone should omit their pre-test doses on the day selected for testing. Patients taking inadvertent doses of cortisone or hydrocortisone on the test day and patients taking spironolactone or women taking drugs which contain estrogen may exhibit abnormally high basal plasma cortisol levels.
A paradoxical response may be noted in the cortisone or hydrocortisone group as seen in a decrease in plasma cortisol values following a stimulating dose of cosyntropin.
In the spironolactone or estrogen group only a normal incremental response is to be expected. Many patients with normal adrenal function, however, do not respond to the expected degree so that the following criteria have been established to denote a normal response:
Plasma cortisol levels usually peak about 45 to 60 minutes after an injection of cosyntropin and some prefer the 60 minute interval for testing for this reason. While it is true that the 60 minute values are usually higher than the 30 minute values, the difference may not be significant enough in most cases to outweigh the disadvantage of a longer testing period. If the 60 minute test period is used, the criterion for a normal response is an approximate doubling of the basal plasma cortisol value.
In patients with a raised plasma bilirubin or in patients where the plasma contains free hemoglobin, falsely high fluorescence measurements will result. The test may be performed at any time during the day but because of the physiological diurnal variation of plasma cortisol the criteria listed by Wood cannot apply. It has been shown that basal plasma cortisol levels and the post cosyntropin increment exhibit diurnal changes. However, the 30-minute plasma cortisol level remains unchanged throughout the day so that only this single criterion should be used (3).
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration whenever solution and container permit. Reconstituted cosyntropin should not be retained.
What interacts with Cosyntropin?
The only contraindication to cosyntropin is a history of a previous adverse reaction to it.
What are the warnings of Cosyntropin?
Sorry No Records found
What are the precautions of Cosyntropin?
General
Cosyntropin exhibits slight immunologic activity, does not contain animal protein and is therefore less risky to use than natural ACTH. Patients known to be sensitized to natural ACTH with markedly positive skin tests will, with few exceptions, react negatively when tested intradermally with cosyntropin. Most patients with a history of a previous hypersensitivity reaction to natural ACTH or a preexisting allergic disease will tolerate cosyntropin. Despite this however, cosyntropin is not completely devoid of immunologic activity and hypersensitivity reactions including rare anaphylaxis are possible. Therefore, the physician should be prepared, prior to injection, to treat any possible acute hypersensitivity reaction.
Drug Interactions
Corticotropin may accentuate the electrolyte loss associated with diuretic therapy.
Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility
Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic or mutagenic potential or impairment of fertility. A study in rats noted inhibition of reproductive function like natural ACTH.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with cosyntropin. It is also not known whether cosyntropin can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Cosyntropin should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when cosyntropin is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric Use
(See section.)
What are the side effects of Cosyntropin?
Since cosyntropin is intended for diagnostic and not therapeutic use, adverse reactions other than a rare hypersensitivity reaction are not anticipated. A rare hypersensitivity reaction usually associated with a preexisting allergic disease and/or a previous reaction to natural ACTH is possible. Symptoms may include slight whealing with splotchy erythema at the injection site. There have been rare reports of anaphylactic reaction. The following adverse reactions have been reported in patients after the administration of cosyntropin and the association has been neither confirmed nor refuted:
- •
- •
- •
- •
- •
What should I look out for while using Cosyntropin?
The only contraindication to cosyntropin is a history of a previous adverse reaction to it.
What might happen if I take too much Cosyntropin?
Sorry No Records found
How should I store and handle Cosyntropin?
Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Cosyntropin for Injection 0.25 mg is available in:NDC 67457-227-022 mL vials, packages of 10Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Cosyntropin for injection is intended as a single dose injection and contains no antimicrobial preservative. Any unused portion should be discarded.REFERENCES:Manufactured for: Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A.Manufactured by: Hyderabad 500 043IndiaCode No.: AP/DRUGS/103/97Revised: 4/2017MI:COSYIJ:R3LEA-019028-02Cosyntropin for Injection 0.25 mg is available in:NDC 67457-227-022 mL vials, packages of 10Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Cosyntropin for injection is intended as a single dose injection and contains no antimicrobial preservative. Any unused portion should be discarded.REFERENCES:Manufactured for: Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A.Manufactured by: Hyderabad 500 043IndiaCode No.: AP/DRUGS/103/97Revised: 4/2017MI:COSYIJ:R3LEA-019028-02Cosyntropin for Injection 0.25 mg is available in:NDC 67457-227-022 mL vials, packages of 10Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Cosyntropin for injection is intended as a single dose injection and contains no antimicrobial preservative. Any unused portion should be discarded.REFERENCES:Manufactured for: Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A.Manufactured by: Hyderabad 500 043IndiaCode No.: AP/DRUGS/103/97Revised: 4/2017MI:COSYIJ:R3LEA-019028-02Cosyntropin for Injection 0.25 mg is available in:NDC 67457-227-022 mL vials, packages of 10Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Cosyntropin for injection is intended as a single dose injection and contains no antimicrobial preservative. Any unused portion should be discarded.REFERENCES:Manufactured for: Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A.Manufactured by: Hyderabad 500 043IndiaCode No.: AP/DRUGS/103/97Revised: 4/2017MI:COSYIJ:R3LEA-019028-02Cosyntropin for Injection 0.25 mg is available in:NDC 67457-227-022 mL vials, packages of 10Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Cosyntropin for injection is intended as a single dose injection and contains no antimicrobial preservative. Any unused portion should be discarded.REFERENCES:Manufactured for: Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A.Manufactured by: Hyderabad 500 043IndiaCode No.: AP/DRUGS/103/97Revised: 4/2017MI:COSYIJ:R3LEA-019028-02Cosyntropin for Injection 0.25 mg is available in:NDC 67457-227-022 mL vials, packages of 10Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Cosyntropin for injection is intended as a single dose injection and contains no antimicrobial preservative. Any unused portion should be discarded.REFERENCES:Manufactured for: Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A.Manufactured by: Hyderabad 500 043IndiaCode No.: AP/DRUGS/103/97Revised: 4/2017MI:COSYIJ:R3LEA-019028-02Cosyntropin for Injection 0.25 mg is available in:NDC 67457-227-022 mL vials, packages of 10Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Cosyntropin for injection is intended as a single dose injection and contains no antimicrobial preservative. Any unused portion should be discarded.REFERENCES:Manufactured for: Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A.Manufactured by: Hyderabad 500 043IndiaCode No.: AP/DRUGS/103/97Revised: 4/2017MI:COSYIJ:R3LEA-019028-02Cosyntropin for Injection 0.25 mg is available in:NDC 67457-227-022 mL vials, packages of 10Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Cosyntropin for injection is intended as a single dose injection and contains no antimicrobial preservative. Any unused portion should be discarded.REFERENCES:Manufactured for: Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A.Manufactured by: Hyderabad 500 043IndiaCode No.: AP/DRUGS/103/97Revised: 4/2017MI:COSYIJ:R3LEA-019028-02Cosyntropin for Injection 0.25 mg is available in:NDC 67457-227-022 mL vials, packages of 10Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Cosyntropin for injection is intended as a single dose injection and contains no antimicrobial preservative. Any unused portion should be discarded.REFERENCES:Manufactured for: Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A.Manufactured by: Hyderabad 500 043IndiaCode No.: AP/DRUGS/103/97Revised: 4/2017MI:COSYIJ:R3LEA-019028-02Cosyntropin for Injection 0.25 mg is available in:NDC 67457-227-022 mL vials, packages of 10Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Cosyntropin for injection is intended as a single dose injection and contains no antimicrobial preservative. Any unused portion should be discarded.REFERENCES:Manufactured for: Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A.Manufactured by: Hyderabad 500 043IndiaCode No.: AP/DRUGS/103/97Revised: 4/2017MI:COSYIJ:R3LEA-019028-02
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
Cosyntropin exhibits the full corticosteroidogenic activity of natural ACTH. Various studies have shown that the biologic activity of ACTH resides in the N-terminal portion of the molecule and that the 1-20 amino acid residue is the minimal sequence retaining full activity. Partial or complete loss of activity is noted with progressive shortening of the chain beyond 20 amino acid residues. For example, the decrement from 20 to 19 results in a 70% loss of potency.
The pharmacologic profile of cosyntropin is similar to that of purified natural ACTH. It has been established that 0.25 mg of cosyntropin will stimulate the adrenal cortex maximally and to the same extent as 25 units of natural ACTH. This dose of cosyntropin will produce maximal secretion of 17-OH corticosteroids, 17-ketosteroids and/or 17-ketogenic steroids. The extra-adrenal effects which natural ACTH and cosyntropin have in common include increased melanotropic activity, increased growth hormone secretion and an adipokinetic effect. These are considered to be without physiological or clinical significance.
Animal, human and synthetic ACTH (1-39) which all contain 39 amino acids exhibit similar immunologic activity. This activity resides in the C-terminal portion of the molecule and the 22-39 amino acid residues exhibit the greatest degree of antigenicity. In contrast, synthetic polypeptides containing 1-19 or fewer amino acids have no detectable immunologic activity. Those containing 1-26, 1-24 or 1-23 amino acids have very little immunologic although full biologic activity. This property of cosyntropin assumes added importance in view of the known antigenicity of natural ACTH.
Non-Clinical Toxicology
The only contraindication to cosyntropin is a history of a previous adverse reaction to it.Corticotropin may accentuate the electrolyte loss associated with diuretic therapy.
Cosyntropin exhibits slight immunologic activity, does not contain animal protein and is therefore less risky to use than natural ACTH. Patients known to be sensitized to natural ACTH with markedly positive skin tests will, with few exceptions, react negatively when tested intradermally with cosyntropin. Most patients with a history of a previous hypersensitivity reaction to natural ACTH or a preexisting allergic disease will tolerate cosyntropin. Despite this however, cosyntropin is not completely devoid of immunologic activity and hypersensitivity reactions including rare anaphylaxis are possible. Therefore, the physician should be prepared, prior to injection, to treat any possible acute hypersensitivity reaction.
Since cosyntropin is intended for diagnostic and not therapeutic use, adverse reactions other than a rare hypersensitivity reaction are not anticipated. A rare hypersensitivity reaction usually associated with a preexisting allergic disease and/or a previous reaction to natural ACTH is possible. Symptoms may include slight whealing with splotchy erythema at the injection site. There have been rare reports of anaphylactic reaction. The following adverse reactions have been reported in patients after the administration of cosyntropin and the association has been neither confirmed nor refuted:
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
Review
Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of losartan oral.
Overall User Ratings
518Total User Reviews
User Reviews
Learn about
User Reviews
Professional
Clonazepam Description Each single-scored tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg Clonazepam, USP, a benzodiazepine. Each tablet also contains corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. Clonazepam tablets USP 0.5 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake. Clonazepam tablets USP 1 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake, as well as FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake. Chemically, Clonazepam, USP is 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula: C15H10ClN3O3 M.W. 315.72Tips
Tips
Interactions
Interactions
A total of 440 drugs (1549 brand and generic names) are known to interact with Imbruvica (ibrutinib). 228 major drug interactions (854 brand and generic names) 210 moderate drug interactions (691 brand and generic names) 2 minor drug interactions (4 brand and generic names) Show all medications in the database that may interact with Imbruvica (ibrutinib).