Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate

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Overview

What is Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate?

Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution USP, is a sterile, topical steroid solution. The active ingredient is represented by the following structural formula:

CHFNaOP

Mol. wt. 516.41

Chemical Name: 9-fluoro-11β, 17-dihydroxy-16α-methyl-21-[phosphonooxy]pregna-1, 4-diene-3,20-dione disodium salt.

Glucocorticoids are adrenocortical steroids, both naturally occurring and synthetic. Dexamethasone is a synthetic analog of naturally occurring glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and cortisone). Dexamethasone sodium phosphate is a water soluble, inorganic ester of dexamethasone. It is approximately three thousand times more soluble at 25°C than hydrocortisone.

Each mL Contains:

What does Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate look like?

What are the available doses of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate?

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What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate?

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How should I use Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate?

For the treatment of the following conditions:

Steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe, such as allergic conjunctivitis, acne rosacea, superficial punctate keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, iritis, cyclitis, selected infective conjunctivitis when the inherent hazard of steroid use is accepted to obtain an advisable diminution in edema and inflammation; corneal injury from chemical or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies.

Steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the external auditory meatus, such as allergic otitis externa, selected purulent and nonpurulent infective otitis externa when the hazard of steroid use is accepted to obtain an advisable diminution in edema and inflammation.

The duration of treatment will vary with the type of lesion and may extend from a few days to several weeks, according to therapeutic response. Relapses, more common in chronic active lesions than in self-limited conditions, usually respond to retreatment.

Instill one or two drops of solution into the conjunctival sac every hour during the day and every two hours during the night as initial therapy. When a favorable response is observed, reduce dosage to one drop every four hours. Later, further reduction in dosage to one drop three or four times daily may suffice to control symptoms.

Clean the aural canal thoroughly and sponge dry. Instill the solution directly into the aural canal. A suggested initial dosage is three or four drops two or three times a day. When a favorable response is obtained, reduce dosage gradually and eventually discontinue.

If preferred, the aural canal may be packed with a gauze wick saturated with solution. Keep the wick moist with the preparation and remove from the ear after 12 to 24 hours. Treatment may be repeated as often as necessary at the discretion of the physician.

What interacts with Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate?

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What are the warnings of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate?

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What are the precautions of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate?

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What are the side effects of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate?

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What should I look out for while using Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate?

Epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis).

Acute infectious stages of vaccinia, varicella and many other viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva.

Mycobacterial infection of the eye.

Fungal diseases of ocular or auricular structures.

Hypersensitivity to any component of this product, including sulfites (see ).

Perforation of a drum membrane.

Prolonged use may result in ocular hypertension and/or glaucoma, with damage to the optic nerve, defects in visual acuity and fields of vision, and posterior subcapsular cataract formation. Prolonged use may suppress the host response and thus increase the hazard of secondary ocular infections. In those diseases causing thinning of the cornea or sclera, perforations have been known to occur with the use of topical corticosteroids. In acute purulent conditions of the eye or ear, corticosteroids may mask infection or enhance existing infection. If these products are used for 10 days or longer, intraocular pressure should be routinely monitored even though it may be difficult in children and uncooperative patients.

Employment of corticosteroid medication in the treatment of herpes simplex other than epithelial herpes simplex keratitis, in which it is contraindicated, requires great caution; periodic slit-lamp microscopy is essential.

This product contains sodium bisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people.

What might happen if I take too much Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate?

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How should I store and handle Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate?

Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP/NF with a child-resistant closure.A Schedule CIII Narcotic.Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP/NF with a child-resistant closure.A Schedule CIII Narcotic.Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP/NF with a child-resistant closure.A Schedule CIII Narcotic.Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution USP 0.1%, is supplied in a plastic squeeze bottle with a controlled drop tip in the following size: 5 mL - Prod. No. 04407STERILE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONRx onlyFOR USE IN THE EYES OR EARSStore between 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).DO NOT USE IF IMPRINTED NECKBAND IS NOT INTACT.KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution USP 0.1%, is supplied in a plastic squeeze bottle with a controlled drop tip in the following size: 5 mL - Prod. No. 04407STERILE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONRx onlyFOR USE IN THE EYES OR EARSStore between 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).DO NOT USE IF IMPRINTED NECKBAND IS NOT INTACT.KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution USP 0.1%, is supplied in a plastic squeeze bottle with a controlled drop tip in the following size: 5 mL - Prod. No. 04407STERILE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONRx onlyFOR USE IN THE EYES OR EARSStore between 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).DO NOT USE IF IMPRINTED NECKBAND IS NOT INTACT.KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution USP 0.1%, is supplied in a plastic squeeze bottle with a controlled drop tip in the following size: 5 mL - Prod. No. 04407STERILE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONRx onlyFOR USE IN THE EYES OR EARSStore between 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).DO NOT USE IF IMPRINTED NECKBAND IS NOT INTACT.KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution USP 0.1%, is supplied in a plastic squeeze bottle with a controlled drop tip in the following size: 5 mL - Prod. No. 04407STERILE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONRx onlyFOR USE IN THE EYES OR EARSStore between 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).DO NOT USE IF IMPRINTED NECKBAND IS NOT INTACT.KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution USP 0.1%, is supplied in a plastic squeeze bottle with a controlled drop tip in the following size: 5 mL - Prod. No. 04407STERILE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONRx onlyFOR USE IN THE EYES OR EARSStore between 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).DO NOT USE IF IMPRINTED NECKBAND IS NOT INTACT.KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Ophthalmic Solution USP 0.1%, is supplied in a plastic squeeze bottle with a controlled drop tip in the following size: 5 mL - Prod. No. 04407STERILE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONRx onlyFOR USE IN THE EYES OR EARSStore between 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).DO NOT USE IF IMPRINTED NECKBAND IS NOT INTACT.KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

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Clinical Information

Chemical Structure

No Image found

Clinical Pharmacology

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate suppresses the inflammatory response to a variety of agents and it probably delays or slows healing. No generally accepted explanation of these steroid properties have been advanced.

Non-Clinical Toxicology

Epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis).

Acute infectious stages of vaccinia, varicella and many other viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva.

Mycobacterial infection of the eye.

Fungal diseases of ocular or auricular structures.

Hypersensitivity to any component of this product, including sulfites (see ).

Perforation of a drum membrane.

Prolonged use may result in ocular hypertension and/or glaucoma, with damage to the optic nerve, defects in visual acuity and fields of vision, and posterior subcapsular cataract formation. Prolonged use may suppress the host response and thus increase the hazard of secondary ocular infections. In those diseases causing thinning of the cornea or sclera, perforations have been known to occur with the use of topical corticosteroids. In acute purulent conditions of the eye or ear, corticosteroids may mask infection or enhance existing infection. If these products are used for 10 days or longer, intraocular pressure should be routinely monitored even though it may be difficult in children and uncooperative patients.

Employment of corticosteroid medication in the treatment of herpes simplex other than epithelial herpes simplex keratitis, in which it is contraindicated, requires great caution; periodic slit-lamp microscopy is essential.

This product contains sodium bisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people.

Few systemic data have been collected on the metabolism of bupropion following concomitant administration with other drugs or, alternatively, the effect of concomitant administration of bupropion on the metabolism of other drugs.

Because bupropion is extensively metabolized, the coadministration of other drugs may affect its clinical activity. studies indicate that bupropion is primarily metabolized to hydroxybupropion by the CYP2B6 isoenzyme. Therefore, the potential exists for a drug interaction between bupropion hydrochloride tablets and drugs that are substrates or inhibitors of the CYP2B6 isoenzyme (e.g., orphenadrine, thiotepa, and cyclophosphamide). In addition, studies suggest that paroxetine, sertraline, norfluoxetine, and fluvoxamine as well as nelfinavir, ritonavir, and efavirenz inhibit the hydroxylation of bupropion. No clinical studies have been performed to evaluate this finding. The threohydrobupropion metabolite of bupropion does not appear to be produced by the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. The effects of concomitant administration of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and its active metabolites were studied in 24 healthy young male volunteers. Following oral administration of two 150 mg sustained-release tablets with and without 800 mg of cimetidine, the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and hydroxybupropion were unaffected. However, there were 16% and 32% increases in the AUC and C, respectively, of the combined moieties of threohydrobupropion and erythrohydrobupropion.

While not systematically studied, certain drugs may induce the metabolism of bupropion (e.g., carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin).

Multiple oral doses of bupropion had no statistically significant effects on the single dose pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine in 12 healthy volunteers.

Animal data indicated that bupropion may be an inducer of drug-metabolizing enzymes in humans. In one study, following chronic administration of bupropion, 100 mg 3 times daily to 8 healthy male volunteers for 14 days, there was no evidence of induction of its own metabolism. Nevertheless, there may be the potential for clinically important alterations of blood levels of coadministered drugs.

The possibility of persistent fungal infections of the cornea should be considered after prolonged corticosteroid dosing.

There have been reports of bacterial keratitis associated with the use of multiple dose containers of topical ophthalmic products. These containers had been inadvertently contaminated by patients who, in most cases, had a concurrent corneal disease or a disruption of the ocular epithelial surface. (See PRECAUTIONS, )

Glaucoma with optic nerve damage, visual acuity and field defects, posterior subcapsular cataract formation, secondary ocular infection from pathogens including herpes simplex, perforation of the globe.

Rarely, filtering blebs have been reported when topical steroids have been used following cataract surgery.

Rarely, stinging or burning may occur.

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Reference

This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"

While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.

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Clonazepam Description Each single-scored tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg Clonazepam, USP, a benzodiazepine. Each tablet also contains corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. Clonazepam tablets USP 0.5 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake. Clonazepam tablets USP 1 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake, as well as FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake. Chemically, Clonazepam, USP is 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula: C15H10ClN3O3 M.W. 315.72

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Interactions

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