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Fluticasone Propionate
Overview
What is Fluticasone Propionate?
Fluticasone propionate, the active component of Fluticasone
Propionate Nasal Spray, is a synthetic corticosteroid having the chemical name
S-(fluoromethyl)6α,9-difluoro-11β-17-dihydroxy-16α-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-17β-carbothioate,
17-propionate and the following chemical structure:
Fluticasone propionate is a white to off-white powder with a molecular weight
of 500.6 and the molecular formula is CHFOS. It is
practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and
dimethylformamide, and slightly soluble in methanol and 95% ethanol.
Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray, 50 mcg is an aqueous suspension of
microfine fluticasone propionate for topical administration to the nasal mucosa
by means of a metering, atomizing spray pump. Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray
also contains 0.02% w/w benzalkonium chloride, dextrose, microcrystalline
cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose sodium, 0.25% w/w phenylethyl alcohol, and
polysorbate 80 and has a pH between 5 and 7.
It is necessary to prime the pump before first use or after a period of
non-use (1 week or more). After initial priming (six actuations), each actuation
delivers 50 mcg of fluticasone propionate in 100 mg of formulation through the
nasal adapter. Each 16-g bottle of Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray provides
120 metered sprays. After 120 metered sprays, the amount of fluticasone
propionate delivered per actuation may not be consistent and the unit should be
discarded.
What does Fluticasone Propionate look like?
What are the available doses of Fluticasone Propionate?
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What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Fluticasone Propionate?
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How should I use Fluticasone Propionate?
Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray is indicated for the
management of the nasal symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic and
nonallergic rhinitis in adults and pediatric patients 4 years of age and
older.
Safety and effectiveness of Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray in children
below 4 years of age have not been adequately established.
Patients should use fluticasone propionate nasal spray at regular
intervals for optimal effect.
The recommended starting dosage in
is two sprays (50 mcg of fluticasone propionate each) in each nostril once daily
(total daily dose, 200 mcg). The same dosage divided into 100 mcg given twice
daily (e.g., 8 a.m. and 8 p.m.) is also effective. After the first few days,
patients may be able to reduce their dosage to 100 mcg (one spray in each
nostril) once daily for maintenance therapy. Some patients (12 years of age and
older) with seasonal allergic rhinitis may find as-needed use of 200 mcg once
daily effective for symptom control (see ). Greater symptom control may be achieved with scheduled regular use.
Patients should be started with 100 mcg (one spray in each
nostril once daily). Patients not adequately responding to 100 mcg may use 200
mcg (two sprays in each nostril). Once adequate control is achieved, the dosage
should be decreased to 100 mcg (one spray in each nostril) daily.
The maximum total daily dosage should not exceed two sprays in each nostril
(200 mcg/day). (See :
)
Fluticasone propionate nasal spray is not recommended for children under 4
years of age.
Illustrated patient’s instructions for proper use accompany each
package of fluticasone propionate nasal spray.
What interacts with Fluticasone Propionate?
Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray is contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients.
What are the warnings of Fluticasone Propionate?
Concentrated extracts must be diluted with sterile diluent prior to first use on a patient for treatment or intradermal testing. All concentrates of glycerinated allergenic extracts have the ability to cause serious local and systemic reactions including death in sensitive patients. Sensitive patients may experience severe anaphylactic reactions resulting in respiratory obstruction, shock, coma and /or death.
An allergenic extract should be temporarily withheld from patients or the dose of the extract adjusted downward if any of the following conditions exist: (1) Severe symptoms of rhinitis and/or asthma (2) Infections or flu accompanied by fever and (3) Exposure to excessive amounts of clinically relevant allergen prior to a scheduled injection. When switching patients to a new lot of the same extract the initial dose should be reduced 3/4 so that 25% of previous dose is administered.
The replacement of a systemic corticosteroid with a topical
corticosteroid can be accompanied by signs of adrenal insufficiency, and in
addition some patients may experience symptoms of withdrawal, e.g., joint and/or
muscular pain, lassitude, and depression. Patients previously treated for
prolonged periods with systemic corticosteroids and transferred to topical
corticosteroids should be carefully monitored for acute adrenal insufficiency in
response to stress. In those patients who have asthma or other clinical
conditions requiring long-term systemic corticosteroid treatment, too rapid a
decrease in systemic corticosteroids may cause a severe exacerbation of their
symptoms.
The concomitant use of intranasal corticosteroids with other inhaled
corticosteroids could increase the risk of signs or symptoms of hypercorticism
and/or suppression of the HPA axis.
A drug interaction study in healthy subjects has shown that ritonavir (a
highly potent cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor) can significantly increase plasma
fluticasone propionate exposure, resulting in significantly reduced serum
cortisol concentrations (see : and :
). During postmarketing use, there have been reports of
clinically significant drug interactions in patients receiving fluticasone
propionate and ritonavir, resulting in systemic corticosteroid effects including
Cushing syndrome and adrenal suppression. Therefore, coadministration of
fluticasone propionate and ritonavir is not recommended unless the potential
benefit to the patient outweighs the risk of systemic corticosteroid side
effects.
Persons who are using drugs that suppress the immune system are more
susceptible to infections than healthy individuals. Chickenpox and measles, for
example, can have a more serious or even fatal course in susceptible children or
adults using corticosteroids. In children or adults who have not had these
diseases or been properly immunized, particular care should be taken to avoid
exposure. How the dose, route, and duration of corticosteroid administration
affect the risk of developing a disseminated infection is not known. The
contribution of the underlying disease and/or prior corticosteroid treatment to
the risk is also not known. If exposed to chickenpox, prophylaxis with varicella
zoster immune globulin (VZIG) may be indicated. If exposed to measles,
prophylaxis with pooled intramuscular immunoglobulin (IG) may be indicated. (See
the respective package inserts for complete VZIG and IG prescribing
information.) If chickenpox develops, treatment with antiviral agents may be
considered.
Avoid spraying in eyes.
What are the precautions of Fluticasone Propionate?
Intranasal corticosteroids may cause a reduction in growth
velocity when administered to pediatric patients (see :
).
Rarely, immediate hypersensitivity reactions or contact dermatitis may occur
after the administration of fluticasone propionate nasal spray. Rare instances
of wheezing, nasal septum perforation, cataracts, glaucoma, and increased
intraocular pressure have been reported following the intranasal application of
corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate.
Use of excessive doses of corticosteroids may lead to signs or symptoms of
hypercorticism and/or suppression of HPA function.
Although systemic effects have been minimal with recommended doses of
fluticasone propionate nasal spray, potential risk increases with larger doses.
Therefore, larger than recommended doses of fluticasone propionate nasal spray
should be avoided.
When used at higher than recommended doses or in rare individuals at
recommended doses, systemic corticosteroid effects such as hypercorticism and
adrenal suppression may appear. If such changes occur, the dosage of fluticasone
propionate nasal spray should be discontinued slowly consistent with accepted
procedures for discontinuing oral corticosteroid therapy.
In clinical studies with fluticasone propionate administered intranasally,
the development of localized infections of the nose and pharynx with has occurred only rarely. When such an
infection develops, it may require treatment with appropriate local therapy and
discontinuation of treatment with fluticasone propionate nasal spray. Patients
using fluticasone propionate nasal spray over several months or longer should be
examined periodically for evidence of
infection or other signs of adverse effects on the nasal mucosa.
Intranasal corticosteroids should be used with caution, if at all, in
patients with active or quiescent tuberculous infections of the respiratory
tract; untreated local or systemic fungal or bacterial infections; systemic
viral or parasitic infections; or ocular herpes simplex.
Because of the inhibitory effect of corticosteroids on wound healing,
patients who have experienced recent nasal septal ulcers, nasal surgery, or
nasal trauma should not use a nasal corticosteroid until healing has
occurred.
Patients being treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray
should receive the following information and instructions. This information is
intended to aid them in the safe and effective use of this medication. It is not
a disclosure of all possible adverse or intended effects.
Patients should be warned to avoid exposure to chickenpox or measles and, if
exposed, to consult their physician without delay.
Patients should use fluticasone propionate nasal spray at regular intervals
for optimal effect. Some patients (12 years of age and older) with seasonal
allergic rhinitis may find as-needed use of 200 mcg once daily effective for
symptom control (see ).
A decrease in nasal symptoms may occur as soon as 12 hours after starting
therapy with fluticasone propionate nasal spray. Results in several clinical
trials indicate statistically significant improvement within the first day or
two of treatment; however, the full benefit of fluticasone propionate nasal
spray may not be achieved until treatment has been administered for several
days. The patient should not increase the prescribed dosage but should contact
the physician if symptoms do not improve or if the condition worsens.
For the proper use of fluticasone propionate nasal spray and to attain
maximum improvement, the patient should read and follow carefully the patient’s
instructions accompanying the product.
Fluticasone propionate is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4. A
drug interaction study with fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in
healthy subjects has shown that ritonavir (a highly potent cytochrome P450 3A4
inhibitor) can significantly increase plasma fluticasone propionate exposure,
resulting in significantly reduced serum cortisol concentrations (see : ). During postmarketing use, there have been reports of
clinically significant drug interactions in patients receiving fluticasone
propionate and ritonavir, resulting in systemic corticosteroid effects including
Cushing syndrome and adrenal suppression. Therefore, coadministration of
fluticasone propionate and ritonavir is not recommended unless the potential
benefit to the patient outweighs the risk of systemic corticosteroid side
effects.
In a placebo-controlled, crossover study in 8 healthy volunteers,
coadministration of a single dose of orally inhaled fluticasone propionate
(1,000 mcg; 5 times the maximum daily intranasal dose) with multiple doses of
ketoconazole (200 mg) to steady state resulted in increased plasma fluticasone
propionate exposure, a reduction in plasma cortisol AUC, and no effect on
urinary excretion of cortisol. Caution should be exercised when fluticasone
propionate nasal spray is coadministered with ketoconazole and other known
potent cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors.
Fluticasone propionate demonstrated no tumorigenic potential in
mice at oral doses up to 1,000 mcg/kg (approximately 20 times the maximum
recommended daily intranasal dose in adults and approximately 10 times the
maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in children on a mcg/m basis) for 78 weeks or in rats at inhalation doses up to 57
mcg/kg (approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in
adults and approximately equivalent to the maximum recommended daily intranasal
dose in children on a mcg/m basis) for 104 weeks.
Fluticasone propionate did not induce gene mutation in prokaryotic or
eukaryotic cells . No significant clastogenic
effect was seen in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes or in the mouse micronucleus test.
No evidence of impairment of fertility was observed in reproductive studies
conducted in male and female rats at subcutaneous doses up to 50 mcg/kg
(approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults
on a mcg/m basis). Prostate weight was significantly
reduced at a subcutaneous dose of 50 mcg/kg.
Subcutaneous studies in the mouse and rat at 45 and 100 mcg/kg,
respectively (approximately equivalent to and 4 times, respectively, the maximum
recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mcg/m
basis) revealed fetal toxicity characteristic of potent corticosteroid
compounds, including embryonic growth retardation, omphalocele, cleft palate,
and retarded cranial ossification.
In the rabbit, fetal weight reduction and cleft palate were observed at a
subcutaneous dose of 4 mcg/kg (less than the maximum recommended daily
intranasal dose in adults on a mcg/m basis). However, no
teratogenic effects were reported at oral doses up to 300 mcg/kg (approximately
25 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mcg/m basis) of fluticasone propionate to the rabbit. No
fluticasone propionate was detected in the plasma in this study, consistent with
the established low bioavailability following oral administration (see ).
Fluticasone propionate crossed the placenta following oral administration of
100 mcg/kg to rats or 300 mcg/kg to rabbits (approximately 4 and 25 times,
respectively, the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a
mcg/m basis).
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Fluticasone propionate should be used during pregnancy only if the potential
benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Experience with oral corticosteroids since their introduction in
pharmacologic, as opposed to physiologic, doses suggests that rodents are more
prone to teratogenic effects from corticosteroids than humans. In addition,
because there is a natural increase in corticosteroid production during
pregnancy, most women will require a lower exogenous corticosteroid dose and
many will not need corticosteroid treatment during pregnancy.
It is not known whether fluticasone propionate is excreted in
human breast milk. However, other corticosteroids have been detected in human
milk. Subcutaneous administration to lactating rats of 10 mcg/kg or tritiated
fluticasone propionate (less than the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose
in adults on a mcg/m basis) resulted in measurable
radioactivity in the milk. Since there are no data from controlled trials on the
use of intranasal fluticasone propionate by nursing mothers, caution should be
exercised when fluticasone propionate nasal spray is administered to a nursing
woman.
Six hundred fifty (650) patients aged 4 to 11 years and 440
patients aged 12 to 17 years were studied in US clinical trials with fluticasone
propionate nasal spray. The safety and effectiveness of fluticasone propionate
nasal spray in children below 4 years of age have not been established.
Controlled clinical studies have shown that intranasal corticosteroids may
cause a reduction in growth velocity in pediatric patients. This effect has been
observed in the absence of laboratory evidence of HPA axis suppression,
suggesting that growth velocity is a more sensitive indicator of systemic
corticosteroid exposure in pediatric patients than some commonly used tests of
HPA axis function. The long-term effects of this reduction in growth velocity
associated with intranasal corticosteroids, including the impact on final adult
height, are unknown. The potential for “catch-up” growth following
discontinuation of treatment with intranasal corticosteroids has not been
adequately studied. The growth of pediatric patients receiving intranasal
corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate nasal spray, should be
monitored routinely (e.g. via stadiometry). The potential growth effects of
prolonged treatment should be weighed against the clinical benefits obtained and
the risks/benefits of treatment alternatives. To minimize the systemic effects
of intranasal corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate nasal spray,
each patient should be titrated to the lowest dose that effectively controls
his/her symptoms.
A 1-year placebo-controlled clinical growth study was conducted in 150
pediatric patients (ages 3 to 9 years) to assess the effect of fluticasone
propionate nasal spray (single daily dose of 200 mcg, the maximum approved dose)
on growth velocity. From the primary population of 56 patients receiving
fluticasone propionate nasal spray and 52 receiving placebo, the point estimate
for growth velocity with fluticasone propionate nasal spray was 0.14 cm/year
lower than that noted with placebo (95% confidence interval ranging from 0.54
cm/year lower than placebo to 0.27 cm/year higher than placebo). Thus, no
statistically significant effect on growth was noted compared to placebo. No
evidence of clinically relevant changes in HPA axis function or bone mineral
density was observed as assessed by 12-hour urinary cortisol excretion and
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively.
The potential for fluticasone propionate nasal spray to cause growth
suppression in susceptible patients or when given at higher doses cannot be
ruled out.
A limited number of patients above 65 years of age and older
(N=129) or 75 years of age and older (N=11) have been treated with fluticasone
propionate nasal spray in US and non-US clinical trials. While the number of
patients is too small to permit separate analysis of efficacy and safety, the
adverse reactions reported in this population were similar to those reported by
younger patients.
What are the side effects of Fluticasone Propionate?
In controlled US studies, more than 3,300 patients with seasonal
allergic, perennial allergic, or perennial nonallergic rhinitis received
treatment with intranasal fluticasone propionate. In general, adverse reactions
in clinical studies have been primarily associated with irritation of the nasal
mucous membranes, and the adverse reactions were reported with approximately the
same frequency by patients treated with the vehicle itself. The complaints did
not usually interfere with treatment. Less than 2% of patients in clinical
trials discontinued because of adverse events; this rate was similar for vehicle
placebo and active comparators.
Systemic corticosteroid side effects were not reported during controlled
clinical studies up to 6 months’ duration with fluticasone propionate nasal
spray. If recommended doses are exceeded, however, or if individuals are
particularly sensitive or taking fluticasone propionate nasal spray in
conjunction with administration of other corticosteroids, symptoms of
hypercorticism, e.g., Cushing syndrome, could occur.
The following incidence of common adverse reactions (>3%, where incidence
in fluticasone propionate-treated subjects exceeded placebo) is based upon seven
controlled clinical trials in which 536 patients (57 girls and 108 boys aged 4
to 11 years, 137 female and 234 male adolescents and adults) were treated with
fluticasone propionate nasal spray 200 mcg once daily over 2 to 4 weeks and two
controlled clinical trials in which 246 patients (119 female and 127 male
adolescents and adults) were treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray 200
mcg once daily over 6 months. Also included in the table are adverse events from
two studies in which 167 children (45 girls and 122 boys aged 4 to 11 years)
were treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray 100 mcg once daily for 2 to
4 weeks.
Other adverse events that occurred in ≤3% but ≥1% of patients and that were
more common with fluticasone propionate (with uncertain relationship to
treatment) included: blood in nasal mucus, runny nose, abdominal pain, diarrhea,
fever, flu-like symptoms, aches and pains, dizziness, bronchitis.
In addition to adverse events reported from clinical trials, the
following events have been identified during postapproval use of intranasal
fluticasone propionate in clinical practice. Because they are reported
voluntarily from a population of unknown size, estimates of frequency cannot be
made. These events have been chosen for inclusion due to either their
seriousness, frequency of reporting, or causal connection to fluticasone
propionate or a combination of these factors.
Hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema, skin rash,
edema of the face and tongue, pruritus, urticaria, bronchospasm, wheezing,
dyspnea, and anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid reactions, which in rare instances were
severe.
Alteration or loss of sense of taste and/or smell and, rarely,
nasal septal perforation, nasal ulcer, sore throat, throat irritation and
dryness, cough, hoarseness, and voice changes.
Dryness and irritation, conjunctivitis, blurred vision, glaucoma,
increased intraocular pressure, and cataracts.
Cases of growth suppression have been reported for intranasal
corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate nasal spray (see :
).
| FluticasonePropionate100 mcgOnce Daily(N = 167)% | FluticasonePropionate200 mcgOnce Daily(N = 782)% | ||
| Headache | 14.6 | 6.6 | 16.1 |
| Pharyngitis | 7.2 | 6 | 7.8 |
| Epistaxis | 5.4 | 6 | 6.9 |
| Nasal burning/nasal irritation | 2.6 | 2.4 | 3.2 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 2 | 4.8 | 2.6 |
| Asthma symptoms | 2.9 | 7.2 | 3.3 |
| Cough | 2.8 | 3.6 | 3.8 |
What should I look out for while using Fluticasone Propionate?
Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray is contraindicated in patients with a
hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients.
The replacement of a systemic corticosteroid with a topical
corticosteroid can be accompanied by signs of adrenal insufficiency, and in
addition some patients may experience symptoms of withdrawal, e.g., joint and/or
muscular pain, lassitude, and depression. Patients previously treated for
prolonged periods with systemic corticosteroids and transferred to topical
corticosteroids should be carefully monitored for acute adrenal insufficiency in
response to stress. In those patients who have asthma or other clinical
conditions requiring long-term systemic corticosteroid treatment, too rapid a
decrease in systemic corticosteroids may cause a severe exacerbation of their
symptoms.
The concomitant use of intranasal corticosteroids with other inhaled
corticosteroids could increase the risk of signs or symptoms of hypercorticism
and/or suppression of the HPA axis.
A drug interaction study in healthy subjects has shown that ritonavir (a
highly potent cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor) can significantly increase plasma
fluticasone propionate exposure, resulting in significantly reduced serum
cortisol concentrations (see : and :
). During postmarketing use, there have been reports of
clinically significant drug interactions in patients receiving fluticasone
propionate and ritonavir, resulting in systemic corticosteroid effects including
Cushing syndrome and adrenal suppression. Therefore, coadministration of
fluticasone propionate and ritonavir is not recommended unless the potential
benefit to the patient outweighs the risk of systemic corticosteroid side
effects.
Persons who are using drugs that suppress the immune system are more
susceptible to infections than healthy individuals. Chickenpox and measles, for
example, can have a more serious or even fatal course in susceptible children or
adults using corticosteroids. In children or adults who have not had these
diseases or been properly immunized, particular care should be taken to avoid
exposure. How the dose, route, and duration of corticosteroid administration
affect the risk of developing a disseminated infection is not known. The
contribution of the underlying disease and/or prior corticosteroid treatment to
the risk is also not known. If exposed to chickenpox, prophylaxis with varicella
zoster immune globulin (VZIG) may be indicated. If exposed to measles,
prophylaxis with pooled intramuscular immunoglobulin (IG) may be indicated. (See
the respective package inserts for complete VZIG and IG prescribing
information.) If chickenpox develops, treatment with antiviral agents may be
considered.
Avoid spraying in eyes.
What might happen if I take too much Fluticasone Propionate?
Chronic overdosage may result in signs/symptoms of hypercorticism
(see ).
Intranasal administration of 2 mg (10 times the recommended dose) of fluticasone
propionate twice daily for 7 days to healthy human volunteers was well
tolerated. Single oral doses up to 16 mg have been studied in human volunteers
with no acute toxic effects reported. Repeat oral doses up to 80 mg daily for 10
days in volunteers and repeat oral doses up to 10 mg daily for 14 days in
patients were well tolerated. Adverse reactions were of mild or moderate
severity, and incidences were similar in active and placebo treatment groups.
Acute overdosage with this dosage form is unlikely since one bottle of
fluticasone propionate nasal spray contains approximately 8 mg of fluticasone
propionate.
The oral and subcutaneous median lethal doses in mice and rats were greater than 1,000
mg/kg (greater than 20,000 and greater than 41,000 times, respectively, the maximum recommended
daily intranasal dose in adults and greater than 10,000 and greater than 20,000 times,
respectively, the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in children on a
mg/m basis).
How should I store and handle Fluticasone Propionate?
Store at controlled room temperature 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP] .Fluticasone propionate nasal spray 50 mcg is supplied in an amber glass bottle fitted with a white metering atomizing pump, white nasal adapter fitted with a clear plastic dust cap, and a green safety clip, in a box of one (NDC 54868-5545-0) with patient’s instructions for use. Each bottle contains a net fill weight of 16 g and will provide 120 actuations. Each actuation delivers 50 mcg of fluticasone propionate in 100 mg of formulation through the nasal adapter. The correct amount of medication in each spray cannot be assured after 120 sprays even though the bottle is not completely empty. The bottle should be discarded when the labeled number of actuations have been used. Store between 4° and 30°C (39° and 86°F)10002064/02Revised May 2008© RLI, 2008Fluticasone propionate nasal spray 50 mcg is supplied in an amber glass bottle fitted with a white metering atomizing pump, white nasal adapter fitted with a clear plastic dust cap, and a green safety clip, in a box of one (NDC 54868-5545-0) with patient’s instructions for use. Each bottle contains a net fill weight of 16 g and will provide 120 actuations. Each actuation delivers 50 mcg of fluticasone propionate in 100 mg of formulation through the nasal adapter. The correct amount of medication in each spray cannot be assured after 120 sprays even though the bottle is not completely empty. The bottle should be discarded when the labeled number of actuations have been used. Store between 4° and 30°C (39° and 86°F)10002064/02Revised May 2008© RLI, 2008Fluticasone propionate nasal spray 50 mcg is supplied in an amber glass bottle fitted with a white metering atomizing pump, white nasal adapter fitted with a clear plastic dust cap, and a green safety clip, in a box of one (NDC 54868-5545-0) with patient’s instructions for use. Each bottle contains a net fill weight of 16 g and will provide 120 actuations. Each actuation delivers 50 mcg of fluticasone propionate in 100 mg of formulation through the nasal adapter. The correct amount of medication in each spray cannot be assured after 120 sprays even though the bottle is not completely empty. The bottle should be discarded when the labeled number of actuations have been used. Store between 4° and 30°C (39° and 86°F)10002064/02Revised May 2008© RLI, 2008Fluticasone propionate nasal spray 50 mcg is supplied in an amber glass bottle fitted with a white metering atomizing pump, white nasal adapter fitted with a clear plastic dust cap, and a green safety clip, in a box of one (NDC 54868-5545-0) with patient’s instructions for use. Each bottle contains a net fill weight of 16 g and will provide 120 actuations. Each actuation delivers 50 mcg of fluticasone propionate in 100 mg of formulation through the nasal adapter. The correct amount of medication in each spray cannot be assured after 120 sprays even though the bottle is not completely empty. The bottle should be discarded when the labeled number of actuations have been used. Store between 4° and 30°C (39° and 86°F)10002064/02Revised May 2008© RLI, 2008Fluticasone propionate nasal spray 50 mcg is supplied in an amber glass bottle fitted with a white metering atomizing pump, white nasal adapter fitted with a clear plastic dust cap, and a green safety clip, in a box of one (NDC 54868-5545-0) with patient’s instructions for use. Each bottle contains a net fill weight of 16 g and will provide 120 actuations. Each actuation delivers 50 mcg of fluticasone propionate in 100 mg of formulation through the nasal adapter. The correct amount of medication in each spray cannot be assured after 120 sprays even though the bottle is not completely empty. The bottle should be discarded when the labeled number of actuations have been used. Store between 4° and 30°C (39° and 86°F)10002064/02Revised May 2008© RLI, 2008
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
Fluticasone propionate is a synthetic, trifluorinated
corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory activity. dose response studies on a cloned human glucocorticoid receptor
system involving binding and gene expression afforded 50% responses at 1.25 and
0.17 nM concentrations, respectively. Fluticasone propionate was 3-fold to
5-fold more potent than dexamethasone in these assays. Data from the McKenzie
vasoconstrictor assay in man also support its potent glucocorticoid
activity.
In preclinical studies, fluticasone propionate revealed progesterone-like
activity similar to the natural hormone. However, the clinical significance of
these findings in relation to the low plasma levels (see )
is not known.
The precise mechanism through which fluticasone propionate affects allergic
rhinitis symptoms is not known. Corticosteroids have been shown to have a wide
range of effects on multiple cell types (e.g., mast cells, eosinophils,
neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes) and mediators (e.g., histamine,
eicosanoids, leukotrienes, and cytokines) involved in inflammation. In seven
trials in adults, fluticasone propionate nasal spray has decreased nasal mucosal
eosinophils in 66% (35% for placebo) of patients and basophils in 39% (28% for
placebo) of patients. The direct relationship of these findings to long-term
symptom relief is not known.
Fluticasone propionate nasal spray, like other corticosteroids, is an agent
that does not have an immediate effect on allergic symptoms. A decrease in nasal
symptoms has been noted in some patients 12 hours after initial treatment with
fluticasone propionate nasal spray. Maximum benefit may not be reached for
several days. Similarly, when corticosteroids are discontinued, symptoms may not
return for several days.
The activity of fluticasone propionate nasal spray is due to the
parent drug, fluticasone propionate. Indirect calculations indicate that
fluticasone propionate delivered by the intranasal route has an absolute
bioavailability averaging less than 2%. After intranasal treatment of patients
with allergic rhinitis for 3 weeks, fluticasone propionate plasma concentrations
were above the level of detection (50 pg/mL) only when recommended doses were
exceeded and then only in occasional samples at low plasma levels. Due to the
low bioavailability by the intranasal route, the majority of the pharmacokinetic
data was obtained via other routes of administration. Studies using oral dosing
of radiolabeled drug have demonstrated that fluticasone propionate is highly
extracted from plasma and absorption is low. Oral bioavailability is negligible,
and the majority of the circulating radioactivity is due to an inactive
metabolite.
Following intravenous administration, the initial disposition
phase for fluticasone propionate was rapid and consistent with its high lipid
solubility and tissue binding. The volume of distribution averaged 4.2 L/kg.
The percentage of fluticasone propionate bound to human plasma proteins
averaged 91% with no obvious concentration relationship. Fluticasone propionate
is weakly and reversibly bound to erythrocytes and freely equilibrates between
erythrocytes and plasma. Fluticasone propionate is not significantly bound to
human transcortin.
The total blood clearance of fluticasone propionate is high
(average, 1,093 mL/min), with renal clearance accounting for less than 0.02% of
the total. The only circulating metabolite detected in man is the 17β-carboxylic
acid derivative of fluticasone propionate, which is formed through the
cytochrome P450 3A4 pathway. This inactive metabolite had less affinity
(approximately 1/2,000) than the parent drug for the glucocorticoid receptor of
human lung cytosol
and negligible pharmacological activity in animal studies. Other metabolites
detected using cultured human hepatoma cells
have not been detected in man.
Following intravenous dosing, fluticasone propionate showed
polyexponential kinetics and had a terminal elimination half-life of
approximately 7.8 hours. Less than 5% of a radiolabeled oral dose was excreted
in the urine as metabolites, with the remainder excreted in the feces as parent
drug and metabolites.
Fluticasone propionate nasal spray was not studied in any special
populations, and no gender-specific pharmacokinetic data have been
obtained.
Fluticasone propionate is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4.
Coadministration of fluticasone propionate and the highly potent cytochrome P450
3A4 inhibitor ritonavir is not recommended based upon a multiple-dose, crossover
drug interaction study in 18 healthy subjects. Fluticasone propionate aqueous
nasal spray (200 mcg once daily) was coadministered for 7 days with ritonavir
(100 mg twice daily). Plasma fluticasone propionate concentrations following
fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray alone were undetectable (less than 10
pg/mL) in most subjects, and when concentrations were detectable peak levels
(C) averaged 11.9 pg/mL (range, 10.8 to 14.1 pg/mL)
and AUC
averaged 8.43 pg•hr/mL (range 4.2 to 18.8 pg•hr/mL).
Fluticasone propionate C and AUC increased to 318 pg/mL (range, 110 to 648 pg/mL) and
3,102.6 pg•hr/mL (range, 1,207.1 to 5,662 pg•hr/mL), respectively, after
coadministration of ritonavir with fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray.
This significant increase in plasma fluticasone propionate exposure resulted in
a significant decrease (86%) in plasma cortisol area under the plasma
concentration versus time curve (AUC).
Caution should be exercised when other potent cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors
are coadministered with fluticasone propionate. In a drug interaction study,
coadministration of orally inhaled fluticasone propionate (1,000 mcg) and
ketoconazole (200 mg once daily) resulted in increased fluticasone propionate
exposure and reduced plasma cortisol AUC, but had no effect on urinary excretion
of cortisol.
In another multiple-dose drug interaction study, coadministration of orally
inhaled fluticasone propionate (500 mcg twice daily) and erythromycin (333 mg 3
times daily) did not affect fluticasone propionate pharmacokinetics.
In a trial to evaluate the potential systemic and topical effects
of fluticasone propionate nasal spray on allergic rhinitis symptoms, the
benefits of comparable drug blood levels produced by fluticasone propionate
nasal spray and oral fluticasone propionate were compared. The dosages used were
200 mcg of fluticasone propionate nasal spray, the nasal spray vehicle (plus
oral placebo), and 5 and 10 mg of oral fluticasone propionate (plus nasal spray
vehicle) per day for 14 days. Plasma levels were undetectable in the majority of
patients after intranasal dosing, but present at low levels in the majority
after oral dosing. Fluticasone propionate nasal spray was significantly more
effective in reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis than either the oral
fluticasone propionate or the nasal vehicle. This trial demonstrated that the
therapeutic effect of fluticasone propionate nasal spray can be attributed to
the topical effects of fluticasone propionate.
In another trial, the potential systemic effects of fluticasone propionate
nasal spray on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were also studied
in allergic patients. Fluticasone propionate nasal spray given as 200 mcg once
daily or 400 mcg twice daily was compared with placebo or oral prednisone 7.5 or
15 mg given in the morning. Fluticasone propionate nasal spray at either dosage
for 4 weeks did not affect the adrenal response to 6-hour cosyntropin
stimulation, while both dosages of oral prednisone significantly reduced the
response to cosyntropin.
Non-Clinical Toxicology
Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray is contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients.The replacement of a systemic corticosteroid with a topical corticosteroid can be accompanied by signs of adrenal insufficiency, and in addition some patients may experience symptoms of withdrawal, e.g., joint and/or muscular pain, lassitude, and depression. Patients previously treated for prolonged periods with systemic corticosteroids and transferred to topical corticosteroids should be carefully monitored for acute adrenal insufficiency in response to stress. In those patients who have asthma or other clinical conditions requiring long-term systemic corticosteroid treatment, too rapid a decrease in systemic corticosteroids may cause a severe exacerbation of their symptoms.
The concomitant use of intranasal corticosteroids with other inhaled corticosteroids could increase the risk of signs or symptoms of hypercorticism and/or suppression of the HPA axis.
A drug interaction study in healthy subjects has shown that ritonavir (a highly potent cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor) can significantly increase plasma fluticasone propionate exposure, resulting in significantly reduced serum cortisol concentrations (see : and : ). During postmarketing use, there have been reports of clinically significant drug interactions in patients receiving fluticasone propionate and ritonavir, resulting in systemic corticosteroid effects including Cushing syndrome and adrenal suppression. Therefore, coadministration of fluticasone propionate and ritonavir is not recommended unless the potential benefit to the patient outweighs the risk of systemic corticosteroid side effects.
Persons who are using drugs that suppress the immune system are more susceptible to infections than healthy individuals. Chickenpox and measles, for example, can have a more serious or even fatal course in susceptible children or adults using corticosteroids. In children or adults who have not had these diseases or been properly immunized, particular care should be taken to avoid exposure. How the dose, route, and duration of corticosteroid administration affect the risk of developing a disseminated infection is not known. The contribution of the underlying disease and/or prior corticosteroid treatment to the risk is also not known. If exposed to chickenpox, prophylaxis with varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG) may be indicated. If exposed to measles, prophylaxis with pooled intramuscular immunoglobulin (IG) may be indicated. (See the respective package inserts for complete VZIG and IG prescribing information.) If chickenpox develops, treatment with antiviral agents may be considered.
Avoid spraying in eyes.
B
Intranasal corticosteroids may cause a reduction in growth velocity when administered to pediatric patients (see : ).
Rarely, immediate hypersensitivity reactions or contact dermatitis may occur after the administration of fluticasone propionate nasal spray. Rare instances of wheezing, nasal septum perforation, cataracts, glaucoma, and increased intraocular pressure have been reported following the intranasal application of corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate.
Use of excessive doses of corticosteroids may lead to signs or symptoms of hypercorticism and/or suppression of HPA function.
Although systemic effects have been minimal with recommended doses of fluticasone propionate nasal spray, potential risk increases with larger doses. Therefore, larger than recommended doses of fluticasone propionate nasal spray should be avoided.
When used at higher than recommended doses or in rare individuals at recommended doses, systemic corticosteroid effects such as hypercorticism and adrenal suppression may appear. If such changes occur, the dosage of fluticasone propionate nasal spray should be discontinued slowly consistent with accepted procedures for discontinuing oral corticosteroid therapy.
In clinical studies with fluticasone propionate administered intranasally, the development of localized infections of the nose and pharynx with has occurred only rarely. When such an infection develops, it may require treatment with appropriate local therapy and discontinuation of treatment with fluticasone propionate nasal spray. Patients using fluticasone propionate nasal spray over several months or longer should be examined periodically for evidence of infection or other signs of adverse effects on the nasal mucosa.
Intranasal corticosteroids should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with active or quiescent tuberculous infections of the respiratory tract; untreated local or systemic fungal or bacterial infections; systemic viral or parasitic infections; or ocular herpes simplex.
Because of the inhibitory effect of corticosteroids on wound healing, patients who have experienced recent nasal septal ulcers, nasal surgery, or nasal trauma should not use a nasal corticosteroid until healing has occurred.
Patients being treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray should receive the following information and instructions. This information is intended to aid them in the safe and effective use of this medication. It is not a disclosure of all possible adverse or intended effects.
Patients should be warned to avoid exposure to chickenpox or measles and, if exposed, to consult their physician without delay.
Patients should use fluticasone propionate nasal spray at regular intervals for optimal effect. Some patients (12 years of age and older) with seasonal allergic rhinitis may find as-needed use of 200 mcg once daily effective for symptom control (see ).
A decrease in nasal symptoms may occur as soon as 12 hours after starting therapy with fluticasone propionate nasal spray. Results in several clinical trials indicate statistically significant improvement within the first day or two of treatment; however, the full benefit of fluticasone propionate nasal spray may not be achieved until treatment has been administered for several days. The patient should not increase the prescribed dosage but should contact the physician if symptoms do not improve or if the condition worsens.
For the proper use of fluticasone propionate nasal spray and to attain maximum improvement, the patient should read and follow carefully the patient’s instructions accompanying the product.
Fluticasone propionate is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4. A drug interaction study with fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in healthy subjects has shown that ritonavir (a highly potent cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor) can significantly increase plasma fluticasone propionate exposure, resulting in significantly reduced serum cortisol concentrations (see : ). During postmarketing use, there have been reports of clinically significant drug interactions in patients receiving fluticasone propionate and ritonavir, resulting in systemic corticosteroid effects including Cushing syndrome and adrenal suppression. Therefore, coadministration of fluticasone propionate and ritonavir is not recommended unless the potential benefit to the patient outweighs the risk of systemic corticosteroid side effects.
In a placebo-controlled, crossover study in 8 healthy volunteers, coadministration of a single dose of orally inhaled fluticasone propionate (1,000 mcg; 5 times the maximum daily intranasal dose) with multiple doses of ketoconazole (200 mg) to steady state resulted in increased plasma fluticasone propionate exposure, a reduction in plasma cortisol AUC, and no effect on urinary excretion of cortisol. Caution should be exercised when fluticasone propionate nasal spray is coadministered with ketoconazole and other known potent cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors.
Fluticasone propionate demonstrated no tumorigenic potential in mice at oral doses up to 1,000 mcg/kg (approximately 20 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults and approximately 10 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in children on a mcg/m basis) for 78 weeks or in rats at inhalation doses up to 57 mcg/kg (approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults and approximately equivalent to the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in children on a mcg/m basis) for 104 weeks.
Fluticasone propionate did not induce gene mutation in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells . No significant clastogenic effect was seen in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes or in the mouse micronucleus test.
No evidence of impairment of fertility was observed in reproductive studies conducted in male and female rats at subcutaneous doses up to 50 mcg/kg (approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mcg/m basis). Prostate weight was significantly reduced at a subcutaneous dose of 50 mcg/kg.
Subcutaneous studies in the mouse and rat at 45 and 100 mcg/kg, respectively (approximately equivalent to and 4 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mcg/m basis) revealed fetal toxicity characteristic of potent corticosteroid compounds, including embryonic growth retardation, omphalocele, cleft palate, and retarded cranial ossification.
In the rabbit, fetal weight reduction and cleft palate were observed at a subcutaneous dose of 4 mcg/kg (less than the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mcg/m basis). However, no teratogenic effects were reported at oral doses up to 300 mcg/kg (approximately 25 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mcg/m basis) of fluticasone propionate to the rabbit. No fluticasone propionate was detected in the plasma in this study, consistent with the established low bioavailability following oral administration (see ).
Fluticasone propionate crossed the placenta following oral administration of 100 mcg/kg to rats or 300 mcg/kg to rabbits (approximately 4 and 25 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mcg/m basis).
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Fluticasone propionate should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Experience with oral corticosteroids since their introduction in pharmacologic, as opposed to physiologic, doses suggests that rodents are more prone to teratogenic effects from corticosteroids than humans. In addition, because there is a natural increase in corticosteroid production during pregnancy, most women will require a lower exogenous corticosteroid dose and many will not need corticosteroid treatment during pregnancy.
It is not known whether fluticasone propionate is excreted in human breast milk. However, other corticosteroids have been detected in human milk. Subcutaneous administration to lactating rats of 10 mcg/kg or tritiated fluticasone propionate (less than the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mcg/m basis) resulted in measurable radioactivity in the milk. Since there are no data from controlled trials on the use of intranasal fluticasone propionate by nursing mothers, caution should be exercised when fluticasone propionate nasal spray is administered to a nursing woman.
Six hundred fifty (650) patients aged 4 to 11 years and 440 patients aged 12 to 17 years were studied in US clinical trials with fluticasone propionate nasal spray. The safety and effectiveness of fluticasone propionate nasal spray in children below 4 years of age have not been established.
Controlled clinical studies have shown that intranasal corticosteroids may cause a reduction in growth velocity in pediatric patients. This effect has been observed in the absence of laboratory evidence of HPA axis suppression, suggesting that growth velocity is a more sensitive indicator of systemic corticosteroid exposure in pediatric patients than some commonly used tests of HPA axis function. The long-term effects of this reduction in growth velocity associated with intranasal corticosteroids, including the impact on final adult height, are unknown. The potential for “catch-up” growth following discontinuation of treatment with intranasal corticosteroids has not been adequately studied. The growth of pediatric patients receiving intranasal corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate nasal spray, should be monitored routinely (e.g. via stadiometry). The potential growth effects of prolonged treatment should be weighed against the clinical benefits obtained and the risks/benefits of treatment alternatives. To minimize the systemic effects of intranasal corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate nasal spray, each patient should be titrated to the lowest dose that effectively controls his/her symptoms.
A 1-year placebo-controlled clinical growth study was conducted in 150 pediatric patients (ages 3 to 9 years) to assess the effect of fluticasone propionate nasal spray (single daily dose of 200 mcg, the maximum approved dose) on growth velocity. From the primary population of 56 patients receiving fluticasone propionate nasal spray and 52 receiving placebo, the point estimate for growth velocity with fluticasone propionate nasal spray was 0.14 cm/year lower than that noted with placebo (95% confidence interval ranging from 0.54 cm/year lower than placebo to 0.27 cm/year higher than placebo). Thus, no statistically significant effect on growth was noted compared to placebo. No evidence of clinically relevant changes in HPA axis function or bone mineral density was observed as assessed by 12-hour urinary cortisol excretion and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively.
The potential for fluticasone propionate nasal spray to cause growth suppression in susceptible patients or when given at higher doses cannot be ruled out.
A limited number of patients above 65 years of age and older (N=129) or 75 years of age and older (N=11) have been treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray in US and non-US clinical trials. While the number of patients is too small to permit separate analysis of efficacy and safety, the adverse reactions reported in this population were similar to those reported by younger patients.
In controlled US studies, more than 3,300 patients with seasonal allergic, perennial allergic, or perennial nonallergic rhinitis received treatment with intranasal fluticasone propionate. In general, adverse reactions in clinical studies have been primarily associated with irritation of the nasal mucous membranes, and the adverse reactions were reported with approximately the same frequency by patients treated with the vehicle itself. The complaints did not usually interfere with treatment. Less than 2% of patients in clinical trials discontinued because of adverse events; this rate was similar for vehicle placebo and active comparators.
Systemic corticosteroid side effects were not reported during controlled clinical studies up to 6 months’ duration with fluticasone propionate nasal spray. If recommended doses are exceeded, however, or if individuals are particularly sensitive or taking fluticasone propionate nasal spray in conjunction with administration of other corticosteroids, symptoms of hypercorticism, e.g., Cushing syndrome, could occur.
The following incidence of common adverse reactions (>3%, where incidence in fluticasone propionate-treated subjects exceeded placebo) is based upon seven controlled clinical trials in which 536 patients (57 girls and 108 boys aged 4 to 11 years, 137 female and 234 male adolescents and adults) were treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray 200 mcg once daily over 2 to 4 weeks and two controlled clinical trials in which 246 patients (119 female and 127 male adolescents and adults) were treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray 200 mcg once daily over 6 months. Also included in the table are adverse events from two studies in which 167 children (45 girls and 122 boys aged 4 to 11 years) were treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray 100 mcg once daily for 2 to 4 weeks.
Other adverse events that occurred in ≤3% but ≥1% of patients and that were more common with fluticasone propionate (with uncertain relationship to treatment) included: blood in nasal mucus, runny nose, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, flu-like symptoms, aches and pains, dizziness, bronchitis.
In addition to adverse events reported from clinical trials, the following events have been identified during postapproval use of intranasal fluticasone propionate in clinical practice. Because they are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, estimates of frequency cannot be made. These events have been chosen for inclusion due to either their seriousness, frequency of reporting, or causal connection to fluticasone propionate or a combination of these factors.
Hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema, skin rash, edema of the face and tongue, pruritus, urticaria, bronchospasm, wheezing, dyspnea, and anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid reactions, which in rare instances were severe.
Alteration or loss of sense of taste and/or smell and, rarely, nasal septal perforation, nasal ulcer, sore throat, throat irritation and dryness, cough, hoarseness, and voice changes.
Dryness and irritation, conjunctivitis, blurred vision, glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, and cataracts.
Cases of growth suppression have been reported for intranasal corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate nasal spray (see : ).
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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Clonazepam Description Each single-scored tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg Clonazepam, USP, a benzodiazepine. Each tablet also contains corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. Clonazepam tablets USP 0.5 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake. Clonazepam tablets USP 1 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake, as well as FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake. Chemically, Clonazepam, USP is 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula: C15H10ClN3O3 M.W. 315.72Tips
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