Disclaimer:
Medidex is not a provider of medical services and all information is provided for the convenience of the user. No medical decisions should be made based on the information provided on this website without first consulting a licensed healthcare provider.This website is intended for persons 18 years or older. No person under 18 should consult this website without the permission of a parent or guardian.
Glucagon
Overview
What is Glucagon?
Glucagon for Injection is a polypeptide
hormone identical to human glucagon that increases blood glucose and relaxes
smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. Glucagon is synthesized in a
special non-pathogenic laboratory strain of bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition
of the gene for glucagon.
Glucagon is a single-chain
polypeptide that contains 29 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight
of 3483.
The empirical formula is CHNOS.
The primary sequence of glucagon is shown below.
Crystalline glucagon is a white to off-white powder. It is
relatively insoluble in water but is soluble at a pH of less than 3 or more
than 9.5.
Glucagon is available for use intravenously,
intramuscularly, or subcutaneously in a kit that contains a vial of sterile
glucagon and a syringe of sterile diluent. The vial contains 1 mg of glucagon and 49 mg of lactose. Hydrochloric acid may have been added during
manufacture to adjust the pH of the glucagon. One International Unit of glucagon
is equivalent to 1 mg of glucagon. The diluent syringe contains
12 mg/mL of glycerin, Water For Injection, and hydrochloric acid.
What does Glucagon look like?
What are the available doses of Glucagon?
Sorry No records found.
What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Glucagon?
Sorry No records found
How should I use Glucagon?
For the treatment of severe hypoglycemia:
Glucagon is indicated as a treatment for severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) which may occur in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Because patients with type 1
diabetes may have less of an increase in blood glucose levels compared with
a stable type 2 patient, supplementary carbohydrate should be given as soon
as possible, especially to a pediatric patient.
General Instructions for Use:
What interacts with Glucagon?
Glucagon is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or in patients with known pheochromocytoma.
What are the warnings of Glucagon?
Glucagon should be administered cautiously to patients
with a history suggestive of insulinoma, pheochromocytoma, or both. In patients
with insulinoma, intravenous administration of glucagon may produce an initial
increase in blood glucose; however, because of glucagon's hyperglycemic
effect the insulinoma may release insulin and cause subsequent hypoglycemia.
A patient developing symptoms of hypoglycemia after a dose of glucagon should
be given glucose orally, intravenously, or by gavage, whichever is most appropriate.
Exogenous glucagon also stimulates the release of
catecholamines. In the presence of pheochromocytoma, glucagon can cause the
tumor to release catecholamines, which may result in a sudden and marked increase
in blood pressure. If a patient develops a sudden increase in blood pressure,
5 to 10 mg of phentolamine mesylate may be administered intravenously in an
attempt to control the blood pressure.
Generalized allergic reactions, including urticaria,
respiratory distress, and hypotension, have been reported in patients who
received glucagon by injection.
What are the precautions of Glucagon?
General
Glucagon is effective in treating hypoglycemia
only if sufficient liver glycogen is present. Because glucagon is of little
or no help in states of starvation, adrenal insufficiency, or chronic hypoglycemia,
hypoglycemia in these conditions should be treated with glucose.
Information for Patients
Refer patients and family members to the attached
Information for the User for instructions describing the method of preparing
and injecting glucagon. Advise the patient and family members to become familiar
with the technique of preparing glucagon before an emergency arises. Instruct
patients to use 1 mg for adults and 1/2 the adult dose (0.5 mg)
for pediatric patients weighing less than 44 lb (20 kg).
Patients and family members should be informed
of the following measures to prevent hypoglycemic reactions due to insulin:
To prevent severe hypoglycemia, patients and
family members should be informed of the symptoms of mild hypoglycemia and
how to treat it appropriately.
Family members
should be informed to arouse the patient as quickly as possible because prolonged
hypoglycemia may result in damage to the central nervous system. Glucagon
or intravenous glucose should awaken the patient sufficiently so that oral
carbohydrates may be taken.
Patients should
be advised to inform their physician when hypoglycemic reactions occur so
that the treatment regimen may be adjusted if necessary.
Laboratory Tests
Blood glucose determinations should be obtained
to follow the patient with hypoglycemia until patient is asymptomatic.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Because glucagon is usually given in a single
dose and has a very short half-life, no studies have been done regarding carcinogenesis.
In a series of studies examining effects on the bacterial mutagenesis (Ames)
assay, it was determined that in
colony counts was related to technical difficulties in running this assay
with peptides and was not due to mutagenic activities of the glucagon.
Reproduction studies have been performed in rats
at doses up to 2 mg/kg glucagon administered two times a day (up to 40 times
the human dose based on body surface area, mg/m) and have revealed
no evidence of impaired fertility.
Pregnancy
Reproduction studies have not been performed with recombinant
glucagon. However, studies with animal-sourced glucagon were performed in
rats at doses up to 2 mg/kg glucagon administered two times a day (up to 40 times
the human dose based on body surface area, mg/m), and have revealed
no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to glucagon. There
are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because
animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this
drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether this drug is excreted
in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should
be exercised when glucagon is administered to a nursing woman. If the drug
is excreted in human milk during its short half-life, it will be hydrolyzed
and absorbed like any other polypeptide. Glucagon is not active when taken
orally because it is destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract before it can
be absorbed.
Pediatric Use
For the treatment of severe hypoglycemia: The use of glucagon in pediatric patients has been reported to be safe and effective.
For use as a diagnostic aid: Effectiveness has
not been established in pediatric patients.
Geriatric Use
Clinical studies of glucagon did not include sufficient
numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently
from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified
differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general,
dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting
at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased
hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug
therapy.
What are the side effects of Glucagon?
Side effects may include nausea and vomiting. These reactions may also occur with hypoglycemia.
Generalized allergic reactions have been reported (
). In a
three month controlled study of 75 volunteers comparing animal-sourced glucagon
with glucagon manufactured through rDNA technology, no glucagon-specific antibodies
were detected in either treatment group.
What should I look out for while using Glucagon?
What might happen if I take too much Glucagon?
How should I store and handle Glucagon?
Clarithromycin tablets, USP 500 mg are white, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, debossed GG C9 on one side and plain on the reverse side, and are supplied as follows:NDC 68788-6425-1 in bottles of 14 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-2 in bottles of 20 tabletsNDC 68788-6425 -8 in bottles of 28 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-3 in bottles of 30 tabletsStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight container as described in the USP. Protect from light.Clarithromycin tablets, USP 500 mg are white, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, debossed GG C9 on one side and plain on the reverse side, and are supplied as follows:NDC 68788-6425-1 in bottles of 14 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-2 in bottles of 20 tabletsNDC 68788-6425 -8 in bottles of 28 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-3 in bottles of 30 tabletsStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight container as described in the USP. Protect from light.Clarithromycin tablets, USP 500 mg are white, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, debossed GG C9 on one side and plain on the reverse side, and are supplied as follows:NDC 68788-6425-1 in bottles of 14 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-2 in bottles of 20 tabletsNDC 68788-6425 -8 in bottles of 28 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-3 in bottles of 30 tabletsStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight container as described in the USP. Protect from light.Clarithromycin tablets, USP 500 mg are white, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, debossed GG C9 on one side and plain on the reverse side, and are supplied as follows:NDC 68788-6425-1 in bottles of 14 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-2 in bottles of 20 tabletsNDC 68788-6425 -8 in bottles of 28 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-3 in bottles of 30 tabletsStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight container as described in the USP. Protect from light.Clarithromycin tablets, USP 500 mg are white, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, debossed GG C9 on one side and plain on the reverse side, and are supplied as follows:NDC 68788-6425-1 in bottles of 14 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-2 in bottles of 20 tabletsNDC 68788-6425 -8 in bottles of 28 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-3 in bottles of 30 tabletsStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight container as described in the USP. Protect from light.Clarithromycin tablets, USP 500 mg are white, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, debossed GG C9 on one side and plain on the reverse side, and are supplied as follows:NDC 68788-6425-1 in bottles of 14 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-2 in bottles of 20 tabletsNDC 68788-6425 -8 in bottles of 28 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-3 in bottles of 30 tabletsStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight container as described in the USP. Protect from light.Clarithromycin tablets, USP 500 mg are white, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, debossed GG C9 on one side and plain on the reverse side, and are supplied as follows:NDC 68788-6425-1 in bottles of 14 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-2 in bottles of 20 tabletsNDC 68788-6425 -8 in bottles of 28 tabletsNDC 68788-6425-3 in bottles of 30 tabletsStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight container as described in the USP. Protect from light.
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
Glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and is used in the treatment of severe hypoglycemia. Glucagon acts only on liver glycogen, converting it to glucose.
Glucagon administered
through a parenteral route relaxes smooth muscle of the stomach, duodenum,
small bowel, and colon.
Non-Clinical Toxicology
Because tetracyclines have been shown to depress plasma prothrombin activity, patients who are on anticoagulant therapy may require downward adjustment of their anticoagulant dosage.Since bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin, it is advisable to avoid giving tetracyclines in conjunction with penicillin.
Absorption of tetracyclines is impaired by antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, and iron-containing preparations.
Absorption of tetracyclines is impaired by bismuth subsalicylate.
Barbiturates, carbamazepine, and phenytoin decrease the half-life of doxycycline.
The concurrent use of tetracycline and Penthrane (methoxyflurane) has been reported to result in fatal renal toxicity.
Concurrent use of tetracycline may render oral contraceptives less effective.
Side effects may include nausea and vomiting. These reactions may also occur with hypoglycemia. Generalized allergic reactions have been reported ( ). In a three month controlled study of 75 volunteers comparing animal-sourced glucagon with glucagon manufactured through rDNA technology, no glucagon-specific antibodies were detected in either treatment group.
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
Review
Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of losartan oral.
Overall User Ratings
516Total User Reviews
User Reviews
Learn about
User Reviews
Professional
Clonazepam Description Each single-scored tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg Clonazepam, USP, a benzodiazepine. Each tablet also contains corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. Clonazepam tablets USP 0.5 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake. Clonazepam tablets USP 1 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake, as well as FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake. Chemically, Clonazepam, USP is 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula: C15H10ClN3O3 M.W. 315.72Tips
Tips
Interactions
Interactions
A total of 440 drugs (1549 brand and generic names) are known to interact with Imbruvica (ibrutinib). 228 major drug interactions (854 brand and generic names) 210 moderate drug interactions (691 brand and generic names) 2 minor drug interactions (4 brand and generic names) Show all medications in the database that may interact with Imbruvica (ibrutinib).