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KEYTRUDA
Overview
What is KEYTRUDA?
Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Pembrolizumab is an IgG4 kappa immunoglobulin with an approximate molecular weight of 149 kDa.
KEYTRUDA for injection is a sterile, preservative-free, white to off-white lyophilized powder in single-dose vials. Each vial is reconstituted and diluted for intravenous infusion. Each 2 mL of reconstituted solution contains 50 mg of pembrolizumab and is formulated in L-histidine (3.1 mg), polysorbate 80 (0.4 mg), and sucrose (140 mg). May contain hydrochloric acid/sodium hydroxide to adjust pH to 5.5.
KEYTRUDA injection is a sterile, preservative-free, clear to slightly opalescent, colorless to slightly yellow solution that requires dilution for intravenous infusion. Each vial contains 100 mg of pembrolizumab in 4 mL of solution. Each 1 mL of solution contains 25 mg of pembrolizumab and is formulated in: L-histidine (1.55 mg), polysorbate 80 (0.2 mg), sucrose (70 mg), and Water for Injection, USP.
What does KEYTRUDA look like?
What are the available doses of KEYTRUDA?
What should I talk to my health care provider before I take KEYTRUDA?
Lactation: Discontinue nursing or discontinue KEYTRUDA. ()
How should I use KEYTRUDA?
KEYTRUDA(pembrolizumab) is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.
Select patients for treatment of metastatic NSCLC with KEYTRUDA as a single agent based on the presence of positive PD-L1 expression. Select patients for treatment of metastatic gastric cancer with KEYTRUDA as a single agent based on the presence of positive PD-L1 expression . If PD-L1 expression is not detected in an archival gastric cancer specimen, evaluate the feasibility of obtaining a tumor biopsy for PD-L1 testing. Information on FDA-approved tests for the detection of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC or in gastric cancer is available at: http://www.fda.gov/CompanionDiagnostics.
What interacts with KEYTRUDA?
Sorry No Records found
What are the warnings of KEYTRUDA?
Sorry No Records found
What are the precautions of KEYTRUDA?
Sorry No Records found
What are the side effects of KEYTRUDA?
Sorry No records found
What should I look out for while using KEYTRUDA?
None.
What might happen if I take too much KEYTRUDA?
There is no information on overdosage with KEYTRUDA.
How should I store and handle KEYTRUDA?
Store Megestrol acetate oral suspension, USP between 20° to 25°C (68° to 77° F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Dispense in a tight container. Protect from heat.KEYTRUDA for injection (lyophilized powder): carton containing one 50 mg single-dose vial (NDC 0006-3029-02).
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
Binding of the PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, to the PD-1 receptor found on T cells, inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Upregulation of PD-1 ligands occurs in some tumors and signaling through this pathway can contribute to inhibition of active T-cell immune surveillance of tumors. Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the PD-1 receptor and blocks its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2, releasing PD-1 pathway-mediated inhibition of the immune response, including the anti-tumor immune response. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, blocking PD-1 activity resulted in decreased tumor growth.
Non-Clinical Toxicology
None.Acidifying AgentsGastrointestinal acidifying agents (guanethidine, reserpine, glutamic acid HCl, ascorbic acid, fruit juices, etc.) lower absorption of amphetamines. Urinary acidifying agents (ammonium chloride, sodium acid phosphate, etc.) increase the concentration of the ionized species of the amphetamine molecule, thereby increasing urinary excretion. Both groups of agents lower blood levels and efficacy of amphetamines.
Adrenergic BlockersAdrenergic blockers are inhibited by amphetamines.
Alkalinizing AgentGastrointestinal alkalinizing agents (sodium bicarbonate, etc.) increase absorption of amphetamines. Urinary alkalinizing agents (acetazolamide, some thiazides) increase the concentration of the non-ionized species of the amphetamine molecule, thereby decreasing urinary excretion. Both groups of agents increase blood levels and therefore potentiate the actions of amphetamines.
Antidepressants, TricyclicAmphetamines may enhance the activity of tricyclic or sympathomimetic agents; d-amphetamine with desipramine or protriptyline and possibly other tricyclics cause striking and sustained increases in the concentration of d-amphetamine in the brain; cardiovascular effects can be potentiated.
CYP2D6 InhibitorsThe concomitant use of dextroamphetamine sulfate tablets and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase the exposure of dextroamphetamine sulfate tablets compared to the use of the drug alone and increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Initiate with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome particularly during dextroamphetamine sulfate tablets initiation and after a dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine sulfate tablets and the CYP2D6 inhibitor [see ]. Examples of CYP2D6 Inhibitors include paroxetine and fluoxetine (also serotonergic drugs), quinidine, ritonavir.
Serotonergic DrugsThe concomitant use of dextroamphetamine sulfate tablets and serotonergic drugs increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Initiate with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during dextroamphetamine sulfate tablets initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue dextroamphetamine sulfate tablets and the concomitant serotonergic drug(s) [see and]. Examples of serotonergic drugs include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, St. John’s Wort.
MAO InhibitorsMAOI antidepressants, as well as a metabolite of furazolidone, slow amphetamine metabolism. This slowing potentiates amphetamines, increasing their effect on the release of norepinephrine and other monoamines from adrenergic nerve endings; this can cause headaches and other signs of hypertensive crisis. A variety of neurological toxic effects and malignant hyperpyrexia can occur, sometimes with fatal results.
AntihistaminesAmphetamines may counteract the sedative effect of antihistamines.
AntihypertensivesAmphetamines may antagonize the hypotensive effects of antihypertensives.
ChlorpromazineChlorpromazine blocks dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, thus inhibiting the central stimulant effects of amphetamines, and can be used to treat amphetamine poisoning.
EthosuximideAmphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of ethosuximide.
HaloperidolHaloperidol blocks dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, thus inhibiting the central stimulant effects of amphetamines.
Lithium CarbonateThe stimulatory effects of amphetamines may be inhibited by lithium carbonate.
MeperidineAmphetamines potentiate the analgesic effect of meperidine.
Methenamine TherapyUrinary excretion of amphetamines is increased, and efficacy is reduced, by acidifying agents used in methenamine therapy.
NorepinephrineAmphetamines enhance the adrenergic effect of norepinephrine.
PhenobarbitalAmphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of phenobarbital; co-administration of phenobarbital may produce a synergistic anticonvulsant action.
PhenytoinAmphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of phenytoin; co-administration of phenytoin may produce a synergistic anticonvulsant action.
PropoxypheneIn cases of propoxyphene overdosage, amphetamine CNS stimulation is potentiated and fatal convulsions can occur.
Veratrum AlkaloidsAmphetamines inhibit the hypotensive effect of veratrum alkaloids.
KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, including fatal cases. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Evaluate patients with suspected pneumonitis with radiographic imaging and administer corticosteroids (initial dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg/day prednisone or equivalent followed by a taper) for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for moderate (Grade 2) pneumonitis, and permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for severe (Grade 3), life-threatening (Grade 4), or recurrent moderate (Grade 2) pneumonitis
Pneumonitis occurred in 94 (3.4%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 1 (0.8%), Grade 2 (1.3%), Grade 3 (0.9%), Grade 4 (0.3%), and Grade 5 (0.1%) pneumonitis. The median time to onset was 3.3 months (range: 2 days to 19.3 months), and the median duration was 1.5 months (range: 1 day to 17.2+ months). Sixty-three (67%) of the 94 patients received systemic corticosteroids, with 50 of the 63 receiving high-dose corticosteroids for a median duration of 8 days (range: 1 day to 10.1 months) followed by a corticosteroid taper. Pneumonitis occurred more frequently in patients with a history of prior thoracic radiation (6.9%) than in patients who did not receive prior thoracic radiation (2.9%). Pneumonitis led to discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 36 (1.3%) patients. Pneumonitis resolved in 55 (59%) of the 94 patients.
The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling.
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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Clonazepam Description Each single-scored tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg Clonazepam, USP, a benzodiazepine. Each tablet also contains corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. Clonazepam tablets USP 0.5 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake. Clonazepam tablets USP 1 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake, as well as FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake. Chemically, Clonazepam, USP is 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula: C15H10ClN3O3 M.W. 315.72Tips
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Interactions
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