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Mysoline
Overview
What is Mysoline?
Chemical name: 5-ethyldihydro-5-phenyl-4,6 (1H, 5H)-pyrimidinedione. Structural formula:
Mysoline® (primidone) is a white, crystalline, highly stable substance, M.P. 279-284°C. It is poorly soluble in water (60 mg per 100 mL at 37°C) and in most organic solvents. It possesses no acidic properties, in contrast to its barbiturate analog.
Mysoline 50 mg and 250 mg tablets contain the following inactive ingredients: lactose
monohydrate, NF; magnesium stearate, NF; methylcellulose, USP; microcrystalline cellulose, NF;
purified water, USP; sodium lauryl sulfate, NF; sodium starch glycolate, NF; and talc,USP.Mysoline 250 mg tablets also contain ferric oxide yellow, NF
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What does Mysoline look like?
What are the available doses of Mysoline?
Sorry No records found.
What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Mysoline?
Sorry No records found
How should I use Mysoline?
Mysoline, used alone or concomitantly with other anticonvulsants, is indicated in the control of grand mal, psychomotor, and focal epileptic seizures. It may control grand mal seizures refractory to other anticonvulsant therapy.
Patients 8 years of age and older who have received no previous treatment may be started on Mysoline according to the following regimen using either 50 mg or scored 250 mg Mysoline tablets:
Days 1 to 3: 100 to 125 mg at bedtime.Days 4 to 6: 100 to 125 mg twice a day.Days 7 to 9: 100 to 125 mg three times a day.Day 10 to maintenance: 250 mg three times a day.
For most adults and children 8 years of age and over, the usual maintenance dosage is three to four 250 mg Mysoline tablets in divided doses (250 mg three times a day or four times a day). If required, an increase to five or six 250 mg tablets daily may be made, but daily doses should not exceed 500 mg four times a day.
Dosage should be individualized to provide maximum benefit. In some cases, serum blood level determinations of primidone may be necessary for optimal dosage adjustment. The clinically effective serum level for primidone is between 5 to 12 mcg/mL.
What interacts with Mysoline?
Primidone is contraindicated in: 1) patients with porphyria and 2) patients who are hypersensitive to phenobarbital (see ).
What are the warnings of Mysoline?
Suicidal Behavior and Ideation
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including Mysoline, increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior in patients taking these drugs for any indication. Patients treated with any AED for any indication should be monitored for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behavior, and/or any unusual changes in mood or behavior.
Pooled analyses of 199 placebo-controlled clinical trials (mono- and adjunctive therapy) of 11 different AEDs showed that patients randomized to one of the AEDs had approximately twice the risk (adjusted Relative Risk 1.8, 95% CI:1.2, 2.7) of suicidal thinking or behavior compared to patients randomized to placebo. In these trials, which had a median treatment duration of 12 weeks, the estimated incidence rate of suicidal behavior or ideation among 27,863 AED-treated patients was 0.43%, compared to 0.24% among 16,029 placebo-treated patients, representing an increase of approximately one case of suicidal thinking or behavior for every 530 patients treated. There were four suicides in drug-treated patients in the trials and none in placebo-treated patients, but the number is too small to allow any conclusion about drug effect on suicide.
The increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior with AEDs was observed as early as 1 week after starting drug treatment with AEDs and persisted for the duration of treatment assessed. Because most trials included in the analysis did not extend beyond 24 weeks, the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior beyond 24 weeks could not be assessed.
The risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior was generally consistent among drugs in the data analyzed. The finding of increased risk with AEDs of varying mechanisms of action and across a range of indications suggests that the risk applies to all AEDs used for any indication. The risk did not vary substantially by age (5-100 years) in the clinical trials analyzed.
Table 1 shows absolute and relative risk by indication for all evaluated AEDs.
The relative risk for suicidal thoughts or behavior was higher in clinical trials for epilepsy than in clinical trials for psychiatric or other conditions, but the absolute risk differences were similar for the epilepsy and psychiatric indications.
Anyone considering prescribing Mysoline or any other AED must balance the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior with the risk of untreated illness. Epilepsy and many other illnesses for which AEDs are prescribed are themselves associated with morbidity and mortality and an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior. Should suicidal thoughts and behavior emerge during treatment, the prescriber needs to consider whether the emergence of these symptoms in any given patient may be related to the illness being treated.
Patients, their caregivers, and families should be informed that AEDs increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior and should be advised of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of the signs and symptoms of depression, any unusual changes in mood or behavior, or the emergence of suicidal thoughts, behavior, or thoughts about self-harm. Behaviors of concern should be reported immediately to healthcare providers.
| Indication | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epilepsy | 1.0 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 2.4 |
| Psychiatric | 5.7 | 8.5 | 1.5 | 2.9 |
| Other | 1.0 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 0.9 |
| Total | 2.4 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 1.9 |
Pregnancy
To provide information regarding the effects of in utero exposure to Mysoline, physicians are advised to recommend that pregnant patients taking Mysoline enroll in the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry. This can be done by calling the toll-free number 1-888-233-2334, and must be done by patients themselves. Information on the registry can also be found at the website http://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/.
The effects of Mysoline in human pregnancy and nursing infants are unknown.
Recent reports suggest an association between the use of anticonvulsant drugs by women with epilepsy and an elevated incidence of birth defects in children born to these women. Data are more extensive with respect to diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital, but these are also the most commonly prescribed anticonvulsants; less systematic or anecdotal reports suggest a possible similar association with the use of all known anticonvulsant drugs.
The reports suggesting an elevated incidence of birth defects in children of drug-treated epileptic women cannot be regarded as adequate to prove a definite cause-and-effect relationship.
There are intrinsic methodologic problems in obtaining adequate data on drug teratogenicity in humans; the possibility also exists that other factors leading to birth defects, e.g., genetic factors or the epileptic condition itself, may be more important than drug therapy. The great majority of mothers on anticonvulsant medication deliver normal infants. It is important to note that anticonvulsant drugs should not be discontinued in patients in whom the drug is administered to prevent major seizures because of the strong possibility of precipitating status epilepticus with attendant hypoxia and threat to life. In individual cases where the severity and frequency of the seizure disorders are such that the removal of medication does not pose a serious threat to the patient, discontinuation of the drug may be considered prior to and during pregnancy, although it cannot be said with any confidence that even minor seizures do not pose some hazard to the developing embryo or fetus.
The prescribing physician will wish to weigh these considerations in treating or counseling epileptic women of childbearing potential. Neonatal hemorrhage, with a coagulation defect resembling vitamin K deficiency, has been described in newborns whose mothers were taking primidone and other anticonvulsants. Pregnant women under anticonvulsant therapy should receive prophylactic vitamin K1 therapy for 1 month prior to, and during, delivery.
What are the precautions of Mysoline?
The total daily dosage should not exceed 2 g. Since Mysoline therapy generally extends over prolonged periods, a complete blood count and a sequential multiple analysis-12 (SMA-12) test should be made every 6 months.
Nursing Mothers
There is evidence in mothers treated with primidone that the drug appears in breast milk in substantial quantities. Since tests for the presence of primidone in biological fluids are too complex to be carried out in the average clinical laboratory, it is suggested that the presence of undue somnolence and drowsiness in nursing newborns of Mysoline-treated mothers be taken as an indication that nursing should be discontinued.
Information for Patients
Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior
Array
Patients should be encouraged to enroll in the NAAED Pregnancy Registry if they become pregnant. This registry is collecting information about the safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. To enroll, patients can call the toll-free number 1-888-233-2334 (see ).
Please refer to the Mysoline Medication Guide provided with the product for more information.
What are the side effects of Mysoline?
The most frequently occurring early side effects are ataxia and vertigo. These tend to disappear with continued therapy, or with reduction of initial dosage. Occasionally, the following have been reported: nausea, anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, hyperirritability, emotional disturbances, sexual impotency, diplopia, nystagmus, drowsiness, and morbilliform skin eruptions. Granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and red-cell hypoplasia and aplasia, have been reported rarely. These and, occasionally, other persistent or severe side effects may necessitate withdrawal of the drug. Megaloblastic anemia may occur as a rare idiosyncrasy to Mysoline and to other anticonvulsants. The anemia responds to folic acid without necessity of discontinuing medication.
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC, at 1-800-321-4576 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch
What should I look out for while using Mysoline?
Primidone is contraindicated in: 1) patients with porphyria and 2) patients who are hypersensitive to phenobarbital (see ).
The abrupt withdrawal of antiepileptic medication may precipitate status epilepticus. The therapeutic efficacy of a dosage regimen takes several weeks before it can be assessed.
What might happen if I take too much Mysoline?
Sorry No Records found
How should I store and handle Mysoline?
Mysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLCMysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLCMysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLCMysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLCMysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLCMysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLCMysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLCMysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLCMysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLCMysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLCMysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLCMysoline TabletsEach square-shaped, scored, yellow tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 250" and an embossed M, contains 250 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-691-10)Each square-shaped, scored, white tablet, identified by "MYSOLINE 50" and an embossed M, contains 50 mg of primidone, in bottles of 100 (NDC 66490-690-10)StorageStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)[see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.Manufactured for: Manufactured by:Piramal Enterprises LimitedPlot No. 67-70, Sector II, Dist. DharPithampur, Madhya Pradesh 454775 IndiaMysoline is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.© Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
Non-Clinical Toxicology
Primidone is contraindicated in: 1) patients with porphyria and 2) patients who are hypersensitive to phenobarbital (see ).The abrupt withdrawal of antiepileptic medication may precipitate status epilepticus. The therapeutic efficacy of a dosage regimen takes several weeks before it can be assessed.
The total daily dosage should not exceed 2 g. Since Mysoline therapy generally extends over prolonged periods, a complete blood count and a sequential multiple analysis-12 (SMA-12) test should be made every 6 months.
The most frequently occurring early side effects are ataxia and vertigo. These tend to disappear with continued therapy, or with reduction of initial dosage. Occasionally, the following have been reported: nausea, anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, hyperirritability, emotional disturbances, sexual impotency, diplopia, nystagmus, drowsiness, and morbilliform skin eruptions. Granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and red-cell hypoplasia and aplasia, have been reported rarely. These and, occasionally, other persistent or severe side effects may necessitate withdrawal of the drug. Megaloblastic anemia may occur as a rare idiosyncrasy to Mysoline and to other anticonvulsants. The anemia responds to folic acid without necessity of discontinuing medication.
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC, at 1-800-321-4576 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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