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Novocaine
Overview
What is Novocaine?
NOVOCAIN, procaine hydrochloride, is benzoic acid,
4-amino-, 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester, monohydrochloride, the ester
of diethylaminoethanol and aminobenzoic acid, with the following structural
formula:
It is a white crystalline, odorless powder that is freely soluble
in water, but less soluble in alcohol. Each mL contains 100 mg procaine
hydrochloride and 4 mg acetone sodium bisulfite as antioxidant. DO
NOT USE SOLUTIONS IF CRYSTALS, CLOUDINESS, OR DISCOLORATION IS OBSERVED.
EXAMINE SOLUTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USE. REAUTOCLAVING INCREASES LIKELIHOOD
OF CRYSTAL FORMATION.
What does Novocaine look like?
What are the available doses of Novocaine?
Sorry No records found.
What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Novocaine?
Sorry No records found
How should I use Novocaine?
NOVOCAIN is indicated for spinal anesthesia.
As with all local anesthetics, the dose of NOVOCAIN
varies and depends upon the area to be anesthetized, the vascularity
of the tissues, the number of neuronal segments to be blocked, individual
tolerance, and the technique of anesthesia. The lowest dose needed
to provide effective anesthesia should be administered. For specific
techniques and procedures, refer to standard textbooks.
The diluent may be sterile normal saline, sterile
distilled water, spinal fluid; and for hyperbaric technique, sterile
dextrose solution.
The usual rate of injection
is 1 mL per 5 seconds. Full anesthesia and fixation usually occur
in 5 minutes.
STERILIZATION
The drug in intact ampuls is sterile. The preferred method of destroying
bacteria on the exterior of ampuls before opening is heat sterilization
(autoclaving). Immersion in antiseptic solution is not recommended.
Autoclave at 15-pound pressure,
at 121°C (250°F), for 15 minutes.
Protect solutions from light.
What interacts with Novocaine?
Spinal anesthesia with NOVOCAIN is contraindicated in patients with generalized septicemia: sepsis at the proposed injection site; certain diseases of the cerebrospinal system, e.g., meningitis, syphilis; and a known hypersensitivity to the drug, drugs of a similar chemical configuration, or aminobenzoic acid or its derivatives.
The decision as to whether or not spinal anesthesia should be used in an individual case should be made by the physician after weighing the advantages with the risks and possible complications.
What are the warnings of Novocaine?
4. —The concomitant use of alcohol or other CNS depressants may produce additive CNS-depressant effects.
RESUSCITATIVE EQUIPMENT AND DRUGS SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY
AVAILABLE WHENEVER ANY LOCAL ANESTHETIC DRUG IS USED. Spinal anesthesia
should only be administered by those qualified to do so.
Large doses of local anesthetics should not be used in
patients with heartblock.
Reactions resulting
in fatality have occurred on rare occasions with the use of local
anesthetics, even in the absence of a history of hypersensitivity.
Usage in Pregnancy.
Solutions which contain a vasoconstrictor
should be used with extreme caution in patients receiving drugs known
to produce alterations in blood pressure (i.e., monoamine oxidase
inhibitors (MAOI), tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, etc.),
as either severe sustained hypertension or hypotension may occur.
Local anesthetic procedures should be used with caution
when there is inflammation and/or sepsis in the region of the proposed
injection.
Contains acetone sodium bisulfite,
a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic
symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in
certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity
in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity
is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people.
What are the precautions of Novocaine?
Standard textbooks should be consulted for specific
techniques and precautions for various spinal anesthetic procedures.
The safety and effectiveness of a spinal anesthetic depend
upon proper dosage, correct technique, adequate precautions, and readiness
for emergencies. The lowest dosage that results in effective anesthesia
should be used to avoid high plasma levels and possible adverse effects.
Tolerance varies with the status of the patient. Debilitated, elderly
patients, or acutely ill patients should be given reduced doses commensurate
with their weight and physical status. Reduced dosages are also indicated
for obstetric delivery and patients with increased intra-abdominal
pressure.
The decision whether or not to use
spinal anesthesia in the following disease states depends on the physician’s
appraisal of the advantages as opposed to the risk: cardiovascular
disease (i.e., shock, hypertension, anemia, etc.), pulmonary disease,
renal impairment, metabolic or endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal
disorders (i.e., intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, etc.), or complicated
obstetrical deliveries.
NOVOCAIN SHOULD BE USED
WITH CAUTION IN PATIENTS WITH KNOWN DRUG ALLERGIES AND SENSITIVITIES.
A thorough history of the patient’s prior experience with NOVOCAIN
or other local anesthetics as well as concomitant or recent drug use
should be taken (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). NOVOCAIN should not be used
in any condition in which a sulfonamide drug is being employed since
aminobenzoic acid inhibits the action of sulfonamides.
Solutions containing a vasopressor should be used with
caution in the presence of diseases which may adversely affect the
cardiovascular system.
NOVOCAIN should be used
with caution in patients with severe disturbances of cardiac rhythm,
shock or heartblock.
What are the side effects of Novocaine?
Systemic adverse reactions involving the central
nervous system and the cardiovascular system usually result from high
plasma levels due to excessive dosage, rapid absorption, or inadvertent
intravascular injection. In addition, use of inappropriate doses or
techniques may result in extensive spinal blockade leading to hypotension
and respiratory arrest.
A small number of reactions
may result from hypersensitivity, idiosyncrasy, or diminished tolerance
to normal dosage.
Excitatory CNS effects
Cardiovascular system
Allergic
The following adverse reactions may occur with spinal
anesthesia: postspinal headache, meningismus, arachnoiditis, palsies, or spinal
nerve paralysis. hypotension due to vasomotor paralysis and pooling of the blood
in the venous bed. respiratory impairment or paralysis due to the level of anesthesia
extending to the upper thoracic and cervical segments. nausea and vomiting.
Treatment of Reactions.
hypotension.
What should I look out for while using Novocaine?
Spinal anesthesia with NOVOCAIN is contraindicated
in patients with generalized septicemia: sepsis at the proposed injection
site; certain diseases of the cerebrospinal system, e.g., meningitis,
syphilis; and a known hypersensitivity to the drug, drugs of a similar
chemical configuration, or aminobenzoic acid or its derivatives.
The decision as to whether or not spinal anesthesia
should be used in an individual case should be made by the physician
after weighing the advantages with the risks and possible complications.
RESUSCITATIVE EQUIPMENT AND DRUGS SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY
AVAILABLE WHENEVER ANY LOCAL ANESTHETIC DRUG IS USED. Spinal anesthesia
should only be administered by those qualified to do so.
Large doses of local anesthetics should not be used in
patients with heartblock.
Reactions resulting
in fatality have occurred on rare occasions with the use of local
anesthetics, even in the absence of a history of hypersensitivity.
Usage in Pregnancy.
Solutions which contain a vasoconstrictor
should be used with extreme caution in patients receiving drugs known
to produce alterations in blood pressure (i.e., monoamine oxidase
inhibitors (MAOI), tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, etc.),
as either severe sustained hypertension or hypotension may occur.
Local anesthetic procedures should be used with caution
when there is inflammation and/or sepsis in the region of the proposed
injection.
Contains acetone sodium bisulfite,
a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic
symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in
certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity
in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity
is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people.
What might happen if I take too much Novocaine?
Sorry No Records found
How should I store and handle Novocaine?
Store at controlled room temperature 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)Rx onlyManufactured by:Yung Shin Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd.Tachia, TaichungTaiwan, ROCRevision: April 2007Store at controlled room temperature 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)Rx onlyManufactured by:Yung Shin Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd.Tachia, TaichungTaiwan, ROCRevision: April 2007Store at controlled room temperature 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)Rx onlyManufactured by:Yung Shin Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd.Tachia, TaichungTaiwan, ROCRevision: April 2007Store at controlled room temperature 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)Rx onlyManufactured by:Yung Shin Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd.Tachia, TaichungTaiwan, ROCRevision: April 2007Store at controlled room temperature 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)Rx onlyManufactured by:Yung Shin Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd.Tachia, TaichungTaiwan, ROCRevision: April 2007Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Revised: July, 2005Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USAStore at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Revised: July, 2005Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USAStore at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Revised: July, 2005Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
NOVOCAIN stabilizes the neuronal membrane and prevents
the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses, thereby effecting
local anesthesia. NOVOCAIN lacks surface anesthetic activity. The
onset of action is rapid (2 to 5 minutes) and the duration of action
is relatively short (average 1 to 1½ hours), depending upon
the anesthetic technique, the type of block, the concentration, and
the individual patient.
NOVOCAIN is readily
absorbed following parenteral administration and is rapidly hydrolyzed
by plasma cholinesterase to aminobenzoic acid and diethylaminoethanol.
A vasoconstrictor may be added to the solution of NOVOCAIN
to promote local hemostasis, delay systemic absorption, and increase
duration of anesthesia.
Non-Clinical Toxicology
Spinal anesthesia with NOVOCAIN is contraindicated in patients with generalized septicemia: sepsis at the proposed injection site; certain diseases of the cerebrospinal system, e.g., meningitis, syphilis; and a known hypersensitivity to the drug, drugs of a similar chemical configuration, or aminobenzoic acid or its derivatives.The decision as to whether or not spinal anesthesia should be used in an individual case should be made by the physician after weighing the advantages with the risks and possible complications.
RESUSCITATIVE EQUIPMENT AND DRUGS SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE WHENEVER ANY LOCAL ANESTHETIC DRUG IS USED. Spinal anesthesia should only be administered by those qualified to do so.
Large doses of local anesthetics should not be used in patients with heartblock.
Reactions resulting in fatality have occurred on rare occasions with the use of local anesthetics, even in the absence of a history of hypersensitivity.
Usage in Pregnancy.
Solutions which contain a vasoconstrictor should be used with extreme caution in patients receiving drugs known to produce alterations in blood pressure (i.e., monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, etc.), as either severe sustained hypertension or hypotension may occur.
Local anesthetic procedures should be used with caution when there is inflammation and/or sepsis in the region of the proposed injection.
Contains acetone sodium bisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people.
Concurrent use of butorphanol with central nervous system depressants (e.g., alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, and antihistamines) may result in increased central nervous system depressant effects. When used concurrently with such drugs, the dose of butorphanol should be the smallest effective dose and the frequency of dosing reduced as much as possible when administered concomitantly with drugs that potentiate the action of opioids.
It is not known if the effects of butorphanol are altered by other concomitant medications that affect hepatic metabolism of drugs (erythromycin, theophylline, etc.), but physicians should be alert to the possibility that a smaller initial dose and longer intervals between doses may be needed.
Array
No information is available about the use of butorphanol concurrently with MAO inhibitors.
Standard textbooks should be consulted for specific techniques and precautions for various spinal anesthetic procedures.
The safety and effectiveness of a spinal anesthetic depend upon proper dosage, correct technique, adequate precautions, and readiness for emergencies. The lowest dosage that results in effective anesthesia should be used to avoid high plasma levels and possible adverse effects. Tolerance varies with the status of the patient. Debilitated, elderly patients, or acutely ill patients should be given reduced doses commensurate with their weight and physical status. Reduced dosages are also indicated for obstetric delivery and patients with increased intra-abdominal pressure.
The decision whether or not to use spinal anesthesia in the following disease states depends on the physician’s appraisal of the advantages as opposed to the risk: cardiovascular disease (i.e., shock, hypertension, anemia, etc.), pulmonary disease, renal impairment, metabolic or endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal disorders (i.e., intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, etc.), or complicated obstetrical deliveries.
NOVOCAIN SHOULD BE USED WITH CAUTION IN PATIENTS WITH KNOWN DRUG ALLERGIES AND SENSITIVITIES. A thorough history of the patient’s prior experience with NOVOCAIN or other local anesthetics as well as concomitant or recent drug use should be taken (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). NOVOCAIN should not be used in any condition in which a sulfonamide drug is being employed since aminobenzoic acid inhibits the action of sulfonamides.
Solutions containing a vasopressor should be used with caution in the presence of diseases which may adversely affect the cardiovascular system.
NOVOCAIN should be used with caution in patients with severe disturbances of cardiac rhythm, shock or heartblock.
Systemic adverse reactions involving the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system usually result from high plasma levels due to excessive dosage, rapid absorption, or inadvertent intravascular injection. In addition, use of inappropriate doses or techniques may result in extensive spinal blockade leading to hypotension and respiratory arrest.
A small number of reactions may result from hypersensitivity, idiosyncrasy, or diminished tolerance to normal dosage.
Excitatory CNS effects
Cardiovascular system
Allergic
The following adverse reactions may occur with spinal anesthesia: postspinal headache, meningismus, arachnoiditis, palsies, or spinal nerve paralysis. hypotension due to vasomotor paralysis and pooling of the blood in the venous bed. respiratory impairment or paralysis due to the level of anesthesia extending to the upper thoracic and cervical segments. nausea and vomiting.
Treatment of Reactions.
hypotension.
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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Interactions
Interactions
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