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Oxaprozin
Overview
What is Oxaprozin?
Oxaprozin, USP is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), chemically
designated as 4,5-diphenyl-2-oxazole-propionic acid, and has the following
chemical structure:
The empirical formula for oxaprozin, USP is CHNO, and the molecular weight is 293.
Oxaprozin, USP is a white to off-white powder with a slight odor and a melting
point of 162°C to 163°C. It is slightly soluble in alcohol and insoluble in
water, with an octanol/water partition coefficient of 4.8 at physiologic pH
(7.4). The pK in water is 4.3.
Oxaprozin oral tablets contain 600 mg of oxaprozin, USP.
Inactive ingredients in oxaprozin tablets, USP are microcrystalline
cellulose, methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, starch, sodium starch glycolate,
polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80 and titanium dioxide.
What does Oxaprozin look like?
What are the available doses of Oxaprozin?
Sorry No records found.
What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Oxaprozin?
Sorry No records found
How should I use Oxaprozin?
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of oxaprozin
tablet, USP and other treatment options before deciding to use oxaprozin tablet,
USP. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with
individual patient treatment goals (see ).
Oxaprozin Tablet, USP is indicated:
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of oxaprozin
tablet, USP and other treatment options before deciding to use oxaprozin tablet,
USP. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with
individual patient treatment goals (see ).
After observing the response to initial therapy with oxaprozin tablet, USP,
the dose and frequency should be adjusted to suit an individual patient's
needs.
Rheumatoid arthritis:
Osteoarthritis:
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis:
(see )
Individualization of dosage:
maximum
lower)
Patients of low body weight should initiate therapy with 600 mg once
daily.Patients with severe renal impairment or on
dialysis should also initiate therapy with 600 mg once daily. If there is
insufficient relief of symptoms in such patients, the dose may be cautiously
increased to 1200 mg, but only with close monitoring (see ). In adults,
in cases where a quick onset of action is important, the pharmacokinetics of
oxaprozin allow therapy to be started with a one-time loading dose of 1200 to
1800 mg (not to exceed 26 mg/kg). Doses larger than 1200 mg/day on a chronic
basis should be reserved for patients who weigh more than 50 kg, have normal
renal and hepatic function, are at low risk of peptic ulcer, and whose severity
of disease justifies maximal therapy. Physicians should ensure that patients are
tolerating doses in the 600 to 1200 mg/day range without gastroenterologic,
renal, hepatic, or dermatologic adverse effects before advancing to the larger
doses. Most patients will tolerate once-a-day dosing with oxaprozin tablet, USP,
although divided doses may be tried in patients unable to tolerate single doses.
What interacts with Oxaprozin?
Oxaprozin tablet, USP is contraindicated in patients with known hyper-sensitivity to oxaprozin.
Oxaprozin tablet, USP should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic-like reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients (see and ).
Oxaprozin tablet, USP is contraindicated for the treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (see ).
What are the warnings of Oxaprozin?
The concomitant use of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants may have an additive effect.
Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events
There is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the
increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The
concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID does increase the risk of serious GI
events (see ).
Two large, controlled clinical trials of a COX-2 selective NSAID for the
treatment of pain in the first 10-14 days following CABG surgery found an
increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke (see ).
Hypertension
Fluid retention and edema have been observed in some patients taking NSAIDs.
Oxaprozin should be used with caution in patients with fluid retention or heart
failure.
NSAIDs, including oxaprozin, can cause serious gastrointestinal
(GI) adverse events including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and
perforation of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, which can be
fatal. These serious adverse events can occur at any time, with or without
warning symptoms, in patients treated with NSAIDs. Only one in five patients,
who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy, is symptomatic.
Upper GI ulcers, gross bleeding, or perforation caused by NSAIDs occur in
approximately 1% of patients treated for 3-6 months, and in about 2-4% of
patients treated for one year. These trends continue with longer duration of
use, increasing the likelihood of developing a serious GI event at some time
during the course of therapy. However, even short-term therapy is not without
risk.
NSAIDs should be prescribed with extreme caution in those with a prior
history of ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with a who use NSAIDs have a greater than 10-fold increased risk for
developing a GI bleed compared to patients treated with neither of these risk
factors. Other factors that increase the risk of GI bleeding in patients treated
with NSAIDs include concomitant use of oral corticosteroids or anticoagulants,
longer duration of NSAID therapy, smoking, use of alcohol, older age, and poor
general health status. Most spontaneous reports of fatal GI events are in
elderly or debilitated patients and therefore, special care should be taken in
treating this population.
To minimize the potential risk for an adverse GI event in patients treated
with an NSAID, the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest
possible duration. Patients and physicians should remain alert for signs and
symptoms of GI ulcerations and bleeding during NSAID therapy and promptly
initiate additional evaluation and treatment if a serious GI event is suspected.
This should include discontinuation of the NSAID until a serious GI adverse
event is ruled out. For high risk patients, alternate therapies that do not
involve NSAIDs should be considered.
Long-term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal
papillary necrosis and other renal injury. Renal toxicity has also been seen in
patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in
the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of a
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may cause a dose dependent reduction in
prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may
precipitate overt renal decompensation. Patients at greatest risk of this
reaction are those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver
dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors, and the elderly.
Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the
pretreatment state.
Advanced renal disease
Anaphylactoid reactions
NSAIDs, including oxaprozin, can cause serious skin adverse
events such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic
epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. These serious events may occur
without warning. Patients should be informed about the signs and symptoms of
serious skin manifestations and use of drug should be discontinued at the first
appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
In late pregnancy, as with other NSAIDs, oxaprozin should be
avoided because it may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
What are the precautions of Oxaprozin?
Oxaprozin cannot be expected to substitute for corticosteroids or
to treat corticosteroid insufficiency. Abrupt discontinuation of corticosteroids
may lead to disease exacerbation. Patients on prolonged corticosteroid therapy
should have their therapy tapered slowly if a decision is made to discontinue
corticosteroids.
The pharmacological activity of oxaprozin in reducing fever and inflammation
may diminish the utility of these diagnostic signs in detecting complications of
presumed noninfectious, painful conditions.
Borderline elevations of one or more liver tests may occur in up
to 15% of patients taking NSAIDs including oxaprozin. These laboratory
abnormalities may progress, remain unchanged, or may be transient with continued
therapy. Notable elevations of ALT or AST (approximately three or more times the
upper limit of normal) have been reported in approximately 1% of patients in
clinical trials with NSAIDs. In addition, rare cases of severe hepatic
reactions, including jaundice and fatal fulminate hepatitis, liver necrosis and
hepatic failure, some of them with fatal outcomes have been reported.
A patient with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom
an abnormal liver test has occurred, should be evaluated for evidence of the
development of a more severe hepatic reaction while on therapy with oxaprozin.
If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if
systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.), oxaprozin should
be discontinued.
Anemia is sometimes seen in patients receiving NSAIDs, including
oxaprozin. This may be due to fluid retention, occult or gross GI blood loss, or
an incompletely described effect upon erythrogenesis. Patients on long-term
treatment with oxaprozin should have their hemoglobin or hematocrit values
determined if they exhibit any signs or symptoms of anemia.
NSAIDs inhibit platelet aggregation and have been shown to prolong bleeding
time in some patients. Unlike aspirin, their effect on platelet function is
quantitatively less, of shorter duration, and reversible. Patients receiving
oxaprozin who may be adversely affected by alterations in platelet function,
such as those with coagulation disorders or patients receiving anticoagulants,
should be carefully monitored.
Patients with asthma may have aspirin-sensitive asthma. The use
of aspirin in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma has been associated with
the severe bronchospasm which can be fatal. Since cross reactivity, including
bronchospasm, between aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has
been reported in such aspirin-sensitive patients, oxaprozin should not be
administered to patients with this form of aspirin sensitivity and should be
used with caution in patients with preexisting asthma.
Patients should be informed of the following
information before initiating therapy with an NSAID and periodically during the
course of ongoing therapy. Patients should also be encouraged to read the NSAID
Medication Guide that accompanies each prescription dispensed.
Because serious GI tract ulcerations and bleeding can occur
without warning symptoms, physicians should monitor for signs and symptoms of GI
bleeding. Patients on long-term treatment with NSAIDs should have their CBC and
a chemistry profile checked periodically. If clinical signs and symptoms
consistent with liver or renal disease develop, systemic manifestations occur
(e.g. eosinophilia, rash, etc.) or if abnormal liver tests persist or worsen,
oxaprozin should be discontinued.
Aspirin
Concomitant administration of oxaprozin and aspirin is not recommended
because oxaprozin displaces salicylates from plasma protein binding sites.
Coadministration would be expected to increase the risk of salicylate toxicity.
As with other NSAIDs, concomitant administration of oxaprozin and aspirin is not
generally recommended because of the potential for increased adverse effects.
Methotrexate
NSAIDs have been reported to competitively inhibit methotrexate accumulation
in rabbit kidney slices. This may indicate that they could enhance the toxicity
of methotrexate. Caution should be used when NSAIDs are administered
concomitantly with methotrexate. Coadministration of oxaprozin with methotrexate
results in approximately a 36% reduction in apparent oral clearance of
methotrexate. A reduction in methotrexate dosage may be considered due to the
potential for increased methotrexate toxicity associated with the increased
exposure.
ACE-inhibitors
Reports suggest that NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of
ACE-inhibitors. Oxaprozin has been shown to alter the pharmacokinetics of
enalapril (significant decrease in dose-adjusted AUC
and C) and its active metabolite enalaprilat
(significant increase in dose-adjusted AUC). This
interaction should be given consideration in patients taking NSAIDs
concomitantly with ACE-inhibitors.
Diuretics
Clinical studies, as well as post marketing observations, have shown that
oxaprozin can reduce the natriuretic effect of furosemide and thiazides in some
patients. This response has been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin
synthesis. During concomitant therapy with NSAIDs, the patient should be
observed closely for signs of renal failure (see ), as well as to assure diuretic
efficacy.
Lithium
Oxaprozin like other NSAIDs has produced an elevation of plasma lithium
levels and a reduction in renal lithium clearance. The mean minimum lithium
concentration increased 15% and the renal clearance was decreased by
approximately 20%. These effects have been attributed to inhibition of renal
prostaglandin synthesis by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Thus, when
NSAIDs and lithium are administered concurrently, subjects should be observed
carefully for signs of lithium toxicity.
Glyburide
While oxaprozin does alter the pharmacokinetics of glyburide,
coadministration of oxaprozin to type II non-insulin dependent diabetic patients
did not affect the area under the glucose concentration curve nor the magnitude
or duration of control. However, it is advisable to monitor patients' blood
glucose in the beginning phase of glyburide and oxaprozin cotherapy.
Warfarin
The effects of warfarin and NSAIDs on gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding are
synergistic, such that users of both drugs together have a risk of serious GI
bleeding higher than that of users of either drug alone.
H-receptor antagonists
The total body clearance of oxaprozin was reduced by 20% in subjects who
concurrently received therapeutic doses of cimetidine or ranitidine; no other
pharmacokinetic parameter was affected. A change of clearance of this magnitude
lies within the range of normal variation and is unlikely to produce a
clinically detectable difference in the outcome of therapy.
Beta-blockers
Subjects receiving 1200 mg oxaprozin QD with 100 mg metoprolol bid exhibited
statistically significant but transient increases in sitting and standing blood
pressures after 14 days. Therefore, as with all NSAIDs, routine blood pressure
monitoring should be considered in these patients when starting oxaprozin
therapy.
Other drugs
The coadministration of oxaprozin and antacids, acetaminophen, or conjugated
estrogens resulted in no statistically significant changes in pharmacokinetic
parameters in single- and/or multiple-dose studies. The interaction of oxaprozin
with cardiac glycosides has not been studied.
False-positive urine immunoassay screening tests for
benzodiazepines have been reported in patients taking oxaprozin. This is due to
lack of specificity of the screening tests. False-positive test results may be
expected for several days following discontinuation of oxaprozin therapy.
Confirmatory tests, such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, will
distinguish oxaprozin from benzodiazepines.
In oncogenicity studies, oxaprozin administration for 2 years was
associated with the exacerbation of liver neoplasms (hepatic adenomas and
carcinomas) in male CD mice, but not in female CD mice or rats. The significance
of this species-specific finding to man is unknown.
Oxaprozin did not display mutagenic potential. Results from the Ames test,
forward mutation in yeast and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, DNA repair
testing in CHO cells, micronucleus testing in mouse bone marrow, chromosomal
aberration testing in human lymphocytes, and cell transformation testing in
mouse fibroblast all showed no evidence of genetic toxicity or cell-transforming
ability.
Oxaprozin administration was not associated with impairment of fertility in
male and female rats at oral doses up to 200 mg/kg/day (1180 mg/m); the usual human dose is 17 mg/kg/day (629 mg/m). However, testicular degeneration was observed in beagle
dogs treated with 37.5 to 150 mg/kg/day (750 to 3000 mg/m) of oxaprozin for 6 months, or 37.5 mg/kg/day for 42 days, a
finding not confirmed in other species. The clinical relevance of this finding
is not known.
Teratology studies with oxaprozin were performed in mice, rats,
and rabbits. In mice and rats, no drug-related developmental abnormalities were
observed at 50 to 200 mg/kg/day of oxaprozin (225 to 900 mg/m). However, in rabbits, infrequent malformed fetuses were
observed in dams treated with 7.5 to 30 mg/kg/day of oxaprozin (the usual human
dosage range). Animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human
response. There are no adequate or well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Oxaprozin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits justify
the potential risks to the fetus.
Because of the known effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of ductus arteriosus), use
during pregnancy (particularly late pregnancy) should be avoided.
In rat studies with NSAIDs, as with other drugs known to inhibit
prostaglandin synthesis, an increased incidence of dystocia, delayed
parturition, and decreased pup survival occurred. The effects of oxaprozin on
labor and delivery in pregnant women are unknown.
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk;
however, oxaprozin was found in the milk of lactating rats. Because many drugs
are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse
reactions in nursing infants from oxaprozin, a decision should be made whether
to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the
importance of the drug to the mother.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 6
years of age have not been established. The effectiveness of oxaprozin for the
treatment of the signs and symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) in
pediatric patients aged 6-16 years is supported by evidence from adequate and
well controlled studies in adult rheumatoid arthritis patients, and is based on
an extrapolation of the demonstrated efficacy of oxaprozin in adults with
rheumatoid arthritis and the similarity in the course of the disease and the
drug's mechanism of effect between these two patient populations. Use of
oxaprozin in JRA patients 6-16 years of age is also supported by the following
pediatric studies.
The pharmacokinetic profile and tolerability of oxaprozin were assessed in
JRA patients relative to adult rheumatoid arthritis patients in a 14 day
multiple dose pharmacokinetic study. Apparent clearance of unbound oxaprozin in
JRA patients was reduced compared to adult rheumatoid arthritis patients, but
this reduction could be accounted for by differences in body weight (see , ). No pharmacokinetic data are available for pediatric patients
under 6 years. Adverse events were reported by approximately 45% of JRA patients
versus an approximate 30% incidence of adverse events in the adult rheumatoid
arthritis patient cohort. Most of the adverse events were related to the
gastrointestinal tract and were mild to moderate.
In a 3 month open label study, 10-20 mg/kg/day of oxaprozin were administered
to 59 JRA patients. Adverse events were reported by 58% of JRA patients. Most of
those reported were generally mild to moderate, tolerated by the patients, and
did not interfere with continuing treatment. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the
most frequently reported adverse effects and occurred at a higher incidence than
those historically seen in controlled studies in adults. Fifty-two patients
completed 3 months of treatment with a mean daily dose of 20 mg/kg. Of 30
patients who continued treatment (19-48 week range total treatment duration),
nine (30%) experienced rash on sun-exposed areas of the skin and 5 of those
discontinued treatment. Controlled clinical trials with oxaprozin in pediatric
patients have not been conducted.
No adjustment of the dose of oxaprozin is necessary in the
elderly for reasons, although many
elderly may need to receive a reduced dose because of low body weight or
disorders associated with aging. No significant differences in the
pharmacokinetic profile for oxaprozin were seen in studies in the healthy
elderly (see ).
Of the total number of subjects evaluated in four placebo controlled clinical
studies of oxaprozin, 39% were 65 and over, and 11 % were 75 and over. No
overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these
subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not
identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients,
but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
Although selected elderly patients in controlled clinical trials tolerated as
well as younger patients, caution should be exercised in treating the elderly,
and extra care should be taken when choosing a dose. As with any NSAID, the
elderly are likely to tolerate adverse reactions less well than younger
patients.
Oxaprozin is substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic
reactions to oxaprozin may be greater in patients with impaired renal function.
Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care
should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal
function (see ).
- Oxaprozin tablet, USP, like other NSAIDs, may cause CV side effects, such as MI or stroke, which may result in hospitalization and even death. Although serious CV events can occur without warning symptoms, patients should be alert for the signs and symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, slurring of speech, and should ask for medical advice when observing any indicative sign or symptoms. Patients should be apprised of the importance of this follow-up (see ).
- Oxaprozin tablet, USP, like other NSAIDs, can cause GI discomfort and, rarely, serious GI side effects, such as ulcers and bleeding, which may result in hospitalization and even death. Although serious GI tract ulcerations and bleeding can occur without warning symptoms, patients should be alert for the signs and symptoms of ulcerations and bleeding, and should ask for medical advice when observing any indicative sign or symptoms including epigastric pain, dyspepsia, melena, and hematemesis. Patients should be apprised of the importance of this follow-up (see ).
- Oxaprozin tablet, USP, like other NSAIDs, can cause serious skin side effects such as exfoliative dermatitis, SJS and TEN, which may result in hospitalization and even death. Although serious skin reactions may occur without warning, patients should be alert for the signs and symptoms of skin rash and blisters, fever, or other signs hypersensitivity such as itching, and should ask for medical advice when observing any indicative sign or symptoms. Patients should be advised to stop the drug immediately if they develop any type of rash and contact their physicians as soon as possible.
- Patients should promptly report signs or symptoms of unexplained weight gain, or edema to their physicians.
- Patients should be informed of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, pruritus, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness and “flu-like” symptoms). If these occur, patients should be instructed to stop therapy and seek immediate medical therapy.
- Patients should be informed of the signs of an anaphylactoid reaction (e.g. difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat). If these occur, patients should be instructed to seek immediate emergency help (see ).
- In late pregnancy, as with other NSAIDs, oxaprozin tablet, USP should be avoided because it may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
What are the side effects of Oxaprozin?
Adverse reaction data were derived from patients who received
oxaprozin in multidose, controlled, and open-label clinical trials, and from
worldwide marketing experience. Rates for events occurring in more than 1% of
patients, and for most of the less common events, are based on 2253 patients who
took 1200 to 1800 mg oxaprozin per day in clinical trials. Of these, 1721 were
treated for at least 1 month, 971 for at least 3 months, and 366 for more than 1
year. Rates for the rarer events and for events reported from worldwide
marketing experience are difficult to estimate accurately and are only listed as
less than 1%.
INCIDENCE GREATER THAN 1%:
Cardiovascular system:
Digestive system:
Hematologic system:
Nervous system:
Skin and appendages:
Special senses:
Urogenital system:
INCIDENCE LESS THAN 1%:
(in italics)
Body as a whole:
serum sickness.
Cardiovascular system:
Digestive system:
hepatitis,
pancreatitis.
Hematologic system:
agranulocytosis,
pancy
topenia,
Metabolic system:
Nervous system:
Respiratory system:
Skin:
pseudopor
phyria, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
toxic epidermal
necrolysis
Lyell's syndrome
Special senses:
Urogenital:
acute interstitial
nephritis,
nephrotic syndrome,
acute renal failure,
What should I look out for while using Oxaprozin?
Oxaprozin tablet, USP is contraindicated in patients with known
hyper-sensitivity to oxaprozin.
Oxaprozin tablet, USP should not be given to patients who have experienced
asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other
NSAIDs. Severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic-like reactions to NSAIDs have been
reported in such patients (see and ).
Oxaprozin tablet, USP is contraindicated for the treatment of peri-operative
pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (see ).
Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events
There is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the
increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The
concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID does increase the risk of serious GI
events (see ).
Two large, controlled clinical trials of a COX-2 selective NSAID for the
treatment of pain in the first 10-14 days following CABG surgery found an
increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke (see ).
Hypertension
Fluid retention and edema have been observed in some patients taking NSAIDs.
Oxaprozin should be used with caution in patients with fluid retention or heart
failure.
NSAIDs, including oxaprozin, can cause serious gastrointestinal
(GI) adverse events including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and
perforation of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, which can be
fatal. These serious adverse events can occur at any time, with or without
warning symptoms, in patients treated with NSAIDs. Only one in five patients,
who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy, is symptomatic.
Upper GI ulcers, gross bleeding, or perforation caused by NSAIDs occur in
approximately 1% of patients treated for 3-6 months, and in about 2-4% of
patients treated for one year. These trends continue with longer duration of
use, increasing the likelihood of developing a serious GI event at some time
during the course of therapy. However, even short-term therapy is not without
risk.
NSAIDs should be prescribed with extreme caution in those with a prior
history of ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with a who use NSAIDs have a greater than 10-fold increased risk for
developing a GI bleed compared to patients treated with neither of these risk
factors. Other factors that increase the risk of GI bleeding in patients treated
with NSAIDs include concomitant use of oral corticosteroids or anticoagulants,
longer duration of NSAID therapy, smoking, use of alcohol, older age, and poor
general health status. Most spontaneous reports of fatal GI events are in
elderly or debilitated patients and therefore, special care should be taken in
treating this population.
To minimize the potential risk for an adverse GI event in patients treated
with an NSAID, the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest
possible duration. Patients and physicians should remain alert for signs and
symptoms of GI ulcerations and bleeding during NSAID therapy and promptly
initiate additional evaluation and treatment if a serious GI event is suspected.
This should include discontinuation of the NSAID until a serious GI adverse
event is ruled out. For high risk patients, alternate therapies that do not
involve NSAIDs should be considered.
Long-term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal
papillary necrosis and other renal injury. Renal toxicity has also been seen in
patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in
the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of a
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may cause a dose dependent reduction in
prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may
precipitate overt renal decompensation. Patients at greatest risk of this
reaction are those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver
dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors, and the elderly.
Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the
pretreatment state.
Advanced renal disease
Anaphylactoid reactions
NSAIDs, including oxaprozin, can cause serious skin adverse
events such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic
epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. These serious events may occur
without warning. Patients should be informed about the signs and symptoms of
serious skin manifestations and use of drug should be discontinued at the first
appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
In late pregnancy, as with other NSAIDs, oxaprozin should be
avoided because it may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
What might happen if I take too much Oxaprozin?
No patient experienced either an accidental or intentional
overdosage of oxaprozin in the clinical trials of the drug. Symptoms following
acute overdose with other NSAIDs are usually limited to lethargy, drowsiness,
nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain and are generally reversible with
supportive care. Gastrointestinal bleeding and coma have occurred following
NSAID overdose. Hypertension, acute renal failure, and respiratory depression
are rare. Anaphylactoid reactions have been reported with therapeutic ingestion
of NSAIDs, and may occur following an overdose.
Patients should be managed by symptomatic and supportive care following an
NSAID overdose. There are no specific antidotes. Gut decontamination may be
indicated in patients seen within 4 hours of ingestion with symptoms or
following a large overdose (5 to 10 times the usual dose). This should be
accomplished via emesis and/or activated charcoal (60 to 100 g in adults, 1 to 2
g/kg in children) with an osmotic cathartic. Forced diuresis, alkalization of
the urine, or hemoperfusion would probably not be useful due to the high degree
of protein binding of oxaprozin.
How should I store and handle Oxaprozin?
Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP/NF with a child-resistant closure.A Schedule CIII Narcotic.Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP/NF with a child-resistant closure.A Schedule CIII Narcotic.Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP/NF with a child-resistant closure.A Schedule CIII Narcotic.Oxaprozin tablets, USP, 600 mg are available as: white to off-white, capsule shaped film coated tablets with “391” debossed on one side and scored on the other side in the bottles of 30 (), 60 () and 100 (). Store at controlled room temperature 15°-30°C (59°-86°F). Dispense in tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP, with child resistant closure.CARACO PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORIES, LTD.DETROIT, MI 48202C.S.No. 5220T06Oxaprozin tablets, USP, 600 mg are available as: white to off-white, capsule shaped film coated tablets with “391” debossed on one side and scored on the other side in the bottles of 30 (), 60 () and 100 (). Store at controlled room temperature 15°-30°C (59°-86°F). Dispense in tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP, with child resistant closure.CARACO PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORIES, LTD.DETROIT, MI 48202C.S.No. 5220T06Oxaprozin tablets, USP, 600 mg are available as: white to off-white, capsule shaped film coated tablets with “391” debossed on one side and scored on the other side in the bottles of 30 (), 60 () and 100 (). Store at controlled room temperature 15°-30°C (59°-86°F). Dispense in tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP, with child resistant closure.CARACO PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORIES, LTD.DETROIT, MI 48202C.S.No. 5220T06Oxaprozin tablets, USP, 600 mg are available as: white to off-white, capsule shaped film coated tablets with “391” debossed on one side and scored on the other side in the bottles of 30 (), 60 () and 100 (). Store at controlled room temperature 15°-30°C (59°-86°F). Dispense in tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP, with child resistant closure.CARACO PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORIES, LTD.DETROIT, MI 48202C.S.No. 5220T06
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
Oxaprozin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that
exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties in animal
models. The mechanism of action of oxaprozin like that of other NSAIDs, is not
completely understood but may be related to prostaglandin synthetase
inhibition.
(see
)
Absorption:
The apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) of total oxaprozin is
approximately 11-17 L/70 kg. Oxaprozin is 99% bound to plasma proteins,
primarily to albumin. At therapeutic drug concentrations, the plasma protein
binding of oxaprozin is saturable, resulting in a higher proportion of the free
drug as the total drug concentration is increased. With increases in single
doses or following repetitive once-daily dosing, the apparent volume of
distribution and clearance of total drug increased, while that of unbound drug
decreased due to the effects of nonlinear protein binding. Oxaprozin penetrates
into synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis patients with oxaprozin
concentrations 2-fold and 3-fold greater than in plasma and synovial fluid,
respectively. Oxaprozin is expected to be excreted in human milk based on its
physical-chemical properties, however, the amount of oxaprozin excreted in
breast milk has not been evaluated.
Metabolism:
Oxaprozin is primarily metabolized by the liver, by both microsomal oxidation
(65%) and glucuronic acid conjugation (35%). Ester and ether glucuronide are the
major conjugated metabolites of oxaprozin. On chronic dosing, metabolites do not
accumulate in the plasma of patients with normal renal function. Concentrations
of the metabolites in plasma are very low.
Oxaprozin's metabolites do not have significant pharmacologic activity. The
major ester and ether glucuronide conjugated metabolites have been evaluated
along with oxaprozin in receptor binding studies and
animal models and have demonstrated no
activity. A small amount (less than 5%) of active phenolic metabolites are produced,
but the contribution to overall activity is limited.
Excretion:
Pediatric patients:
Geriatric:
A multiple dose study comparing the pharmacokinetics of oxaprozin (1200 mg
QD) in 20 young (21 -44 years) adults and 20 elderly (64-83 years) adults, did
not show any statistically significant differences between age groups.
Race:
Cardiac failure:
continuous ambulatory peritoneal
dialysis
Non-Clinical Toxicology
Oxaprozin tablet, USP is contraindicated in patients with known hyper-sensitivity to oxaprozin.Oxaprozin tablet, USP should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic-like reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients (see and ).
Oxaprozin tablet, USP is contraindicated for the treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (see ).
Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events
There is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID does increase the risk of serious GI events (see ).
Two large, controlled clinical trials of a COX-2 selective NSAID for the treatment of pain in the first 10-14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke (see ).
Hypertension
Fluid retention and edema have been observed in some patients taking NSAIDs. Oxaprozin should be used with caution in patients with fluid retention or heart failure.
NSAIDs, including oxaprozin, can cause serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, which can be fatal. These serious adverse events can occur at any time, with or without warning symptoms, in patients treated with NSAIDs. Only one in five patients, who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy, is symptomatic. Upper GI ulcers, gross bleeding, or perforation caused by NSAIDs occur in approximately 1% of patients treated for 3-6 months, and in about 2-4% of patients treated for one year. These trends continue with longer duration of use, increasing the likelihood of developing a serious GI event at some time during the course of therapy. However, even short-term therapy is not without risk.
NSAIDs should be prescribed with extreme caution in those with a prior history of ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with a who use NSAIDs have a greater than 10-fold increased risk for developing a GI bleed compared to patients treated with neither of these risk factors. Other factors that increase the risk of GI bleeding in patients treated with NSAIDs include concomitant use of oral corticosteroids or anticoagulants, longer duration of NSAID therapy, smoking, use of alcohol, older age, and poor general health status. Most spontaneous reports of fatal GI events are in elderly or debilitated patients and therefore, special care should be taken in treating this population.
To minimize the potential risk for an adverse GI event in patients treated with an NSAID, the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest possible duration. Patients and physicians should remain alert for signs and symptoms of GI ulcerations and bleeding during NSAID therapy and promptly initiate additional evaluation and treatment if a serious GI event is suspected. This should include discontinuation of the NSAID until a serious GI adverse event is ruled out. For high risk patients, alternate therapies that do not involve NSAIDs should be considered.
Long-term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury. Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may cause a dose dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may precipitate overt renal decompensation. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors, and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pretreatment state.
Advanced renal disease
Anaphylactoid reactions
NSAIDs, including oxaprozin, can cause serious skin adverse events such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. These serious events may occur without warning. Patients should be informed about the signs and symptoms of serious skin manifestations and use of drug should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
In late pregnancy, as with other NSAIDs, oxaprozin should be avoided because it may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
Few systemic data have been collected on the metabolism of bupropion following concomitant administration with other drugs or, alternatively, the effect of concomitant administration of bupropion on the metabolism of other drugs.
Because bupropion is extensively metabolized, the coadministration of other drugs may affect its clinical activity. studies indicate that bupropion is primarily metabolized to hydroxybupropion by the CYP2B6 isoenzyme. Therefore, the potential exists for a drug interaction between bupropion hydrochloride tablets and drugs that are substrates or inhibitors of the CYP2B6 isoenzyme (e.g., orphenadrine, thiotepa, and cyclophosphamide). In addition, studies suggest that paroxetine, sertraline, norfluoxetine, and fluvoxamine as well as nelfinavir, ritonavir, and efavirenz inhibit the hydroxylation of bupropion. No clinical studies have been performed to evaluate this finding. The threohydrobupropion metabolite of bupropion does not appear to be produced by the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. The effects of concomitant administration of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and its active metabolites were studied in 24 healthy young male volunteers. Following oral administration of two 150 mg sustained-release tablets with and without 800 mg of cimetidine, the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and hydroxybupropion were unaffected. However, there were 16% and 32% increases in the AUC and C, respectively, of the combined moieties of threohydrobupropion and erythrohydrobupropion.
While not systematically studied, certain drugs may induce the metabolism of bupropion (e.g., carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin).
Multiple oral doses of bupropion had no statistically significant effects on the single dose pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine in 12 healthy volunteers.
Animal data indicated that bupropion may be an inducer of drug-metabolizing enzymes in humans. In one study, following chronic administration of bupropion, 100 mg 3 times daily to 8 healthy male volunteers for 14 days, there was no evidence of induction of its own metabolism. Nevertheless, there may be the potential for clinically important alterations of blood levels of coadministered drugs.
Oxaprozin cannot be expected to substitute for corticosteroids or to treat corticosteroid insufficiency. Abrupt discontinuation of corticosteroids may lead to disease exacerbation. Patients on prolonged corticosteroid therapy should have their therapy tapered slowly if a decision is made to discontinue corticosteroids.
The pharmacological activity of oxaprozin in reducing fever and inflammation may diminish the utility of these diagnostic signs in detecting complications of presumed noninfectious, painful conditions.
Borderline elevations of one or more liver tests may occur in up to 15% of patients taking NSAIDs including oxaprozin. These laboratory abnormalities may progress, remain unchanged, or may be transient with continued therapy. Notable elevations of ALT or AST (approximately three or more times the upper limit of normal) have been reported in approximately 1% of patients in clinical trials with NSAIDs. In addition, rare cases of severe hepatic reactions, including jaundice and fatal fulminate hepatitis, liver necrosis and hepatic failure, some of them with fatal outcomes have been reported.
A patient with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormal liver test has occurred, should be evaluated for evidence of the development of a more severe hepatic reaction while on therapy with oxaprozin. If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.), oxaprozin should be discontinued.
Anemia is sometimes seen in patients receiving NSAIDs, including oxaprozin. This may be due to fluid retention, occult or gross GI blood loss, or an incompletely described effect upon erythrogenesis. Patients on long-term treatment with oxaprozin should have their hemoglobin or hematocrit values determined if they exhibit any signs or symptoms of anemia.
NSAIDs inhibit platelet aggregation and have been shown to prolong bleeding time in some patients. Unlike aspirin, their effect on platelet function is quantitatively less, of shorter duration, and reversible. Patients receiving oxaprozin who may be adversely affected by alterations in platelet function, such as those with coagulation disorders or patients receiving anticoagulants, should be carefully monitored.
Patients with asthma may have aspirin-sensitive asthma. The use of aspirin in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma has been associated with the severe bronchospasm which can be fatal. Since cross reactivity, including bronchospasm, between aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been reported in such aspirin-sensitive patients, oxaprozin should not be administered to patients with this form of aspirin sensitivity and should be used with caution in patients with preexisting asthma.
Patients should be informed of the following information before initiating therapy with an NSAID and periodically during the course of ongoing therapy. Patients should also be encouraged to read the NSAID Medication Guide that accompanies each prescription dispensed.
Because serious GI tract ulcerations and bleeding can occur without warning symptoms, physicians should monitor for signs and symptoms of GI bleeding. Patients on long-term treatment with NSAIDs should have their CBC and a chemistry profile checked periodically. If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver or renal disease develop, systemic manifestations occur (e.g. eosinophilia, rash, etc.) or if abnormal liver tests persist or worsen, oxaprozin should be discontinued.
Aspirin
Concomitant administration of oxaprozin and aspirin is not recommended because oxaprozin displaces salicylates from plasma protein binding sites. Coadministration would be expected to increase the risk of salicylate toxicity. As with other NSAIDs, concomitant administration of oxaprozin and aspirin is not generally recommended because of the potential for increased adverse effects.
Methotrexate
NSAIDs have been reported to competitively inhibit methotrexate accumulation in rabbit kidney slices. This may indicate that they could enhance the toxicity of methotrexate. Caution should be used when NSAIDs are administered concomitantly with methotrexate. Coadministration of oxaprozin with methotrexate results in approximately a 36% reduction in apparent oral clearance of methotrexate. A reduction in methotrexate dosage may be considered due to the potential for increased methotrexate toxicity associated with the increased exposure.
ACE-inhibitors
Reports suggest that NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE-inhibitors. Oxaprozin has been shown to alter the pharmacokinetics of enalapril (significant decrease in dose-adjusted AUC and C) and its active metabolite enalaprilat (significant increase in dose-adjusted AUC). This interaction should be given consideration in patients taking NSAIDs concomitantly with ACE-inhibitors.
Diuretics
Clinical studies, as well as post marketing observations, have shown that oxaprozin can reduce the natriuretic effect of furosemide and thiazides in some patients. This response has been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. During concomitant therapy with NSAIDs, the patient should be observed closely for signs of renal failure (see ), as well as to assure diuretic efficacy.
Lithium
Oxaprozin like other NSAIDs has produced an elevation of plasma lithium levels and a reduction in renal lithium clearance. The mean minimum lithium concentration increased 15% and the renal clearance was decreased by approximately 20%. These effects have been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Thus, when NSAIDs and lithium are administered concurrently, subjects should be observed carefully for signs of lithium toxicity.
Glyburide
While oxaprozin does alter the pharmacokinetics of glyburide, coadministration of oxaprozin to type II non-insulin dependent diabetic patients did not affect the area under the glucose concentration curve nor the magnitude or duration of control. However, it is advisable to monitor patients' blood glucose in the beginning phase of glyburide and oxaprozin cotherapy.
Warfarin
The effects of warfarin and NSAIDs on gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding are synergistic, such that users of both drugs together have a risk of serious GI bleeding higher than that of users of either drug alone.
H-receptor antagonists
The total body clearance of oxaprozin was reduced by 20% in subjects who concurrently received therapeutic doses of cimetidine or ranitidine; no other pharmacokinetic parameter was affected. A change of clearance of this magnitude lies within the range of normal variation and is unlikely to produce a clinically detectable difference in the outcome of therapy.
Beta-blockers
Subjects receiving 1200 mg oxaprozin QD with 100 mg metoprolol bid exhibited statistically significant but transient increases in sitting and standing blood pressures after 14 days. Therefore, as with all NSAIDs, routine blood pressure monitoring should be considered in these patients when starting oxaprozin therapy.
Other drugs
The coadministration of oxaprozin and antacids, acetaminophen, or conjugated estrogens resulted in no statistically significant changes in pharmacokinetic parameters in single- and/or multiple-dose studies. The interaction of oxaprozin with cardiac glycosides has not been studied.
False-positive urine immunoassay screening tests for benzodiazepines have been reported in patients taking oxaprozin. This is due to lack of specificity of the screening tests. False-positive test results may be expected for several days following discontinuation of oxaprozin therapy. Confirmatory tests, such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, will distinguish oxaprozin from benzodiazepines.
In oncogenicity studies, oxaprozin administration for 2 years was associated with the exacerbation of liver neoplasms (hepatic adenomas and carcinomas) in male CD mice, but not in female CD mice or rats. The significance of this species-specific finding to man is unknown.
Oxaprozin did not display mutagenic potential. Results from the Ames test, forward mutation in yeast and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, DNA repair testing in CHO cells, micronucleus testing in mouse bone marrow, chromosomal aberration testing in human lymphocytes, and cell transformation testing in mouse fibroblast all showed no evidence of genetic toxicity or cell-transforming ability.
Oxaprozin administration was not associated with impairment of fertility in male and female rats at oral doses up to 200 mg/kg/day (1180 mg/m); the usual human dose is 17 mg/kg/day (629 mg/m). However, testicular degeneration was observed in beagle dogs treated with 37.5 to 150 mg/kg/day (750 to 3000 mg/m) of oxaprozin for 6 months, or 37.5 mg/kg/day for 42 days, a finding not confirmed in other species. The clinical relevance of this finding is not known.
Teratology studies with oxaprozin were performed in mice, rats, and rabbits. In mice and rats, no drug-related developmental abnormalities were observed at 50 to 200 mg/kg/day of oxaprozin (225 to 900 mg/m). However, in rabbits, infrequent malformed fetuses were observed in dams treated with 7.5 to 30 mg/kg/day of oxaprozin (the usual human dosage range). Animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human response. There are no adequate or well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Oxaprozin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus.
Because of the known effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of ductus arteriosus), use during pregnancy (particularly late pregnancy) should be avoided.
In rat studies with NSAIDs, as with other drugs known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, an increased incidence of dystocia, delayed parturition, and decreased pup survival occurred. The effects of oxaprozin on labor and delivery in pregnant women are unknown.
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk; however, oxaprozin was found in the milk of lactating rats. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from oxaprozin, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 6 years of age have not been established. The effectiveness of oxaprozin for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) in pediatric patients aged 6-16 years is supported by evidence from adequate and well controlled studies in adult rheumatoid arthritis patients, and is based on an extrapolation of the demonstrated efficacy of oxaprozin in adults with rheumatoid arthritis and the similarity in the course of the disease and the drug's mechanism of effect between these two patient populations. Use of oxaprozin in JRA patients 6-16 years of age is also supported by the following pediatric studies.
The pharmacokinetic profile and tolerability of oxaprozin were assessed in JRA patients relative to adult rheumatoid arthritis patients in a 14 day multiple dose pharmacokinetic study. Apparent clearance of unbound oxaprozin in JRA patients was reduced compared to adult rheumatoid arthritis patients, but this reduction could be accounted for by differences in body weight (see , ). No pharmacokinetic data are available for pediatric patients under 6 years. Adverse events were reported by approximately 45% of JRA patients versus an approximate 30% incidence of adverse events in the adult rheumatoid arthritis patient cohort. Most of the adverse events were related to the gastrointestinal tract and were mild to moderate.
In a 3 month open label study, 10-20 mg/kg/day of oxaprozin were administered to 59 JRA patients. Adverse events were reported by 58% of JRA patients. Most of those reported were generally mild to moderate, tolerated by the patients, and did not interfere with continuing treatment. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most frequently reported adverse effects and occurred at a higher incidence than those historically seen in controlled studies in adults. Fifty-two patients completed 3 months of treatment with a mean daily dose of 20 mg/kg. Of 30 patients who continued treatment (19-48 week range total treatment duration), nine (30%) experienced rash on sun-exposed areas of the skin and 5 of those discontinued treatment. Controlled clinical trials with oxaprozin in pediatric patients have not been conducted.
No adjustment of the dose of oxaprozin is necessary in the elderly for reasons, although many elderly may need to receive a reduced dose because of low body weight or disorders associated with aging. No significant differences in the pharmacokinetic profile for oxaprozin were seen in studies in the healthy elderly (see ).
Of the total number of subjects evaluated in four placebo controlled clinical studies of oxaprozin, 39% were 65 and over, and 11 % were 75 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
Although selected elderly patients in controlled clinical trials tolerated as well as younger patients, caution should be exercised in treating the elderly, and extra care should be taken when choosing a dose. As with any NSAID, the elderly are likely to tolerate adverse reactions less well than younger patients.
Oxaprozin is substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to oxaprozin may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function (see ).
Adverse reaction data were derived from patients who received oxaprozin in multidose, controlled, and open-label clinical trials, and from worldwide marketing experience. Rates for events occurring in more than 1% of patients, and for most of the less common events, are based on 2253 patients who took 1200 to 1800 mg oxaprozin per day in clinical trials. Of these, 1721 were treated for at least 1 month, 971 for at least 3 months, and 366 for more than 1 year. Rates for the rarer events and for events reported from worldwide marketing experience are difficult to estimate accurately and are only listed as less than 1%.
INCIDENCE GREATER THAN 1%:
Cardiovascular system:
Digestive system:
Hematologic system:
Nervous system:
Skin and appendages:
Special senses:
Urogenital system:
INCIDENCE LESS THAN 1%:
(in italics)
Body as a whole:
serum sickness.
Cardiovascular system:
Digestive system:
hepatitis,
pancreatitis.
Hematologic system:
agranulocytosis,
pancy
topenia,
Metabolic system:
Nervous system:
Respiratory system:
Skin:
pseudopor
phyria, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
toxic epidermal necrolysis
Lyell's syndrome
Special senses:
Urogenital:
acute interstitial nephritis,
nephrotic syndrome,
acute renal failure,
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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Clonazepam Description Each single-scored tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg Clonazepam, USP, a benzodiazepine. Each tablet also contains corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. Clonazepam tablets USP 0.5 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake. Clonazepam tablets USP 1 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake, as well as FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake. Chemically, Clonazepam, USP is 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula: C15H10ClN3O3 M.W. 315.72Tips
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A total of 440 drugs (1549 brand and generic names) are known to interact with Imbruvica (ibrutinib). 228 major drug interactions (854 brand and generic names) 210 moderate drug interactions (691 brand and generic names) 2 minor drug interactions (4 brand and generic names) Show all medications in the database that may interact with Imbruvica (ibrutinib).