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Phoxillum
Overview
What is Phoxillum?
PRISMASOL and PHOXILLUM solutions are clear, sterile, free of bacterial endotoxins and contain no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents. These solutions are used in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies (CRRT) as a replacement solution in hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration. Depending on the product (see ), the two compartments contain:
Calcium chloride, USP, is chemically designated calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl ∙ 2HO).
Magnesium chloride, USP, is chemically designated magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl ∙ 6HO).
Sodium chloride, USP, is chemically designated NaCl.
Potassium chloride, USP, is chemically designated KCl.
Sodium bicarbonate, USP, is chemically designated NaHCO.
Dextrose, USP, is chemically designated D-Glucose anhydrous (CHO) or D-Glucose monohydrate (CHO ∙ HO).
Lactic acid, USP, is chemically designated CHCH(OH)COOH.
Dibasic sodium phosphate, USP, is chemically designated as disodium hydrogen phosphate, dihydrate (NaHPO ∙ 2HO)
The pH of the final solution is in the range of 7.0 to 8.5.
What does Phoxillum look like?
What are the available doses of Phoxillum?
PRISMASOL and PHOXILLUM are available in multiple combinations of ingredients and in multiple variations of strengths. See full Prescribing Information for detailed descriptions of each formulation. (, , )
What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Phoxillum?
How should I use Phoxillum?
PRISMASOL and PHOXILLUM solutions are indicated in pediatric and adult patients for use as a replacement solution in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) to replace plasma volume removed by ultrafiltration and to correct electrolyte and acid-base imbalances.They may also be used in case of drug poisoning when CRRT is used to remove dialyzable substances.
Visually inspect PRISMASOL and PHOXILLUM for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.
Administration should only be under the direction of a physician competent in intensive care treatment including CRRT. Use only with extracorporeal dialysis equipment appropriate for CRRT.
The prepared solution is for single patient use only.
Aseptic technique should be used throughout administration to the patient.
Discard any unused solution.
What interacts with Phoxillum?
Sorry No Records found
What are the warnings of Phoxillum?
Sorry No Records found
What are the precautions of Phoxillum?
Sorry No Records found
What are the side effects of Phoxillum?
Sorry No records found
What should I look out for while using Phoxillum?
None
What might happen if I take too much Phoxillum?
Sorry No Records found
How should I store and handle Phoxillum?
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light and moisture. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container.PRISMASOL and PHOXILLUM solutions are supplied in a two-compartment bag made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The 5000 mL bag is composed of a small compartment (250 mL) and a large compartment (4750 mL). The two compartments are separated by a red frangible pin.The bag is overwrapped with a transparent overwrap. See for the concentrations of the active ingredients in each compartment for each product Not all formulations may be marketed.PRISMASOL and PHOXILLUM solutions are supplied in a two-compartment bag made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The 5000 mL bag is composed of a small compartment (250 mL) and a large compartment (4750 mL). The two compartments are separated by a red frangible pin.The bag is overwrapped with a transparent overwrap. See for the concentrations of the active ingredients in each compartment for each product Not all formulations may be marketed.PRISMASOL and PHOXILLUM solutions are supplied in a two-compartment bag made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The 5000 mL bag is composed of a small compartment (250 mL) and a large compartment (4750 mL). The two compartments are separated by a red frangible pin.The bag is overwrapped with a transparent overwrap. See for the concentrations of the active ingredients in each compartment for each product Not all formulations may be marketed.
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
PRISMASOL and PHOXILLUM solutions are pharmacologically inactive. The electrolyte concentrations in the solutions are chosen to restore plasma levels to clinically desired concentrations or maintain plasma levels at the desired concentrations.
PRISMASOL and PHOXILLUM solutions are used as replacement solution to replace water and electrolytes removed during hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration. Bicarbonate (or precursor lactate) in the solution is used as an alkalinizing buffer to restore acid-base balance to a clinically desirable level.
Non-Clinical Toxicology
NoneFew systemic data have been collected on the metabolism of bupropion following concomitant administration with other drugs or, alternatively, the effect of concomitant administration of bupropion on the metabolism of other drugs.
Because bupropion is extensively metabolized, the coadministration of other drugs may affect its clinical activity. studies indicate that bupropion is primarily metabolized to hydroxybupropion by the CYP2B6 isoenzyme. Therefore, the potential exists for a drug interaction between bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (XL) and drugs that are substrates of or inhibitors/inducers of the CYP2B6 isoenzyme (e.g., orphenadrine, thiotepa, cyclophosphamide, ticlopidine, and clopidogrel). In addition, studies suggest that paroxetine, sertraline, norfluoxetine, and fluvoxamine as well as nelfinavir and efavirenz inhibit the hydroxylation of bupropion. No clinical studies have been performed to evaluate this finding. The threohydrobupropion metabolite of bupropion does not appear to be produced by the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. The effects of concomitant administration of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and its active metabolites were studied in 24 healthy young male volunteers. Following oral administration of two 150 mg tablets of the sustained-release formulation of bupropion with and without 800 mg of cimetidine, the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and hydroxybupropion were unaffected. However, there were 16% and 32% increases in the AUC and C, respectively, of the combined moieties of threohydrobupropion and erythrohydrobupropion.
In a series of studies in healthy volunteers, ritonavir (100 mg twice daily or 600 mg twice daily) or ritonavir 100 mg plus lopinavir (KALETRA) 400 mg twice daily reduced the exposure of bupropion and its major metabolites in a dose dependent manner by approximately 20% to 80%. This effect is thought to be due to the induction of bupropion metabolism. Patients receiving ritonavir may need increased doses of bupropion, but the maximum recommended dose of bupropion should not be exceeded (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: ).
While not systematically studied, certain drugs may induce the metabolism of bupropion (e.g., carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin).
Multiple oral doses of bupropion had no statistically significant effects on the single dose pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine in 12 healthy volunteers.
Animal data indicated that bupropion may be an inducer of drug-metabolizing enzymes in humans. In one study, following chronic administration of bupropion, 100 mg 3 times daily to 8 healthy male volunteers for 14 days, there was no evidence of induction of its own metabolism. Nevertheless, there may be the potential for clinically important alterations of blood levels of coadministered drugs.
Therefore, coadministration of bupropion with drugs that are metabolized by CYP2D6 isoenzyme including certain antidepressants (e.g., nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline), antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol, risperidone, thioridazine), beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol), and Type 1C antiarrhythmics (e.g., propafenone, flecainide), should be approached with caution and should be initiated at the lower end of the dose range of the concomitant medication. If bupropion is added to the treatment regimen of a patient already receiving a drug metabolized by CYP2D6, the need to decrease the dose of the original medication should be considered, particularly for those concomitant medications with a narrow therapeutic index. Although citalopram is not primarily metabolized by CYP2D6, in one study bupropion increased the C and AUC of citalopram by 30% and 40%, respectively. Citalopram did not affect the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and its three metabolites.
Monitor hemodynamic status and fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance throughout the procedure. During hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration using PRISMASOL or PHOXILLUM replacement solutions, abnormalities in the plasma concentration of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate may develop. These abnormalities may be corrected by changing the formulations of replacement solution or by supplementation
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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Clonazepam Description Each single-scored tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg Clonazepam, USP, a benzodiazepine. Each tablet also contains corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. Clonazepam tablets USP 0.5 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake. Clonazepam tablets USP 1 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake, as well as FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake. Chemically, Clonazepam, USP is 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula: C15H10ClN3O3 M.W. 315.72Tips
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