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benzylpenicilloyl polylysine
Overview
What is PRE-PEN?
PRE-PEN® (benzylpenicilloyl polylysine injection USP) is a sterile solution of benzylpenicilloyl polylysine in a concentration of 6.0X10-5M (benzylpenicilloyl) in 0.01 M phosphate buffer and 0.15 M sodium chloride. The benzylpenicilloyl polylysine in PRE-PEN is a derivative of poly-l-lysine, where the epsilon amino groups are substituted with benzylpenicilloyl groups (50-70%) forming benzylpenicilloyl alpha amide. Each single dose ampule contains 0.25 mL of PRE-PEN.
PRE-PEN has the following structure:
What does PRE-PEN look like?
What are the available doses of PRE-PEN?
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What should I talk to my health care provider before I take PRE-PEN?
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How should I use PRE-PEN?
PREPEN is indicated for the assessment of sensitization to penicillin (benzylpenicillin or penicillin G) in patients suspected to have clinical penicillin hypersensitivity. A negative skin test to PREPEN is associated with an incidence of immediate allergic reactions of less than 5% after the administration of therapeutic penicillin, whereas the incidence may be more than 50% in a history-positive patient with a positive skin test to PREPEN. These allergic reactions are predominantly dermatologic. Whether a negative skin test to PREPEN predicts a lower risk of anaphylaxis is not established. Similarly, when deciding the risk of proposed penicillin treatment, there are not enough data at present to permit relative weighing in individual cases of a history of clinical penicillin hypersensitivity as compared to positive skin tests to PREPEN and/or minor penicillin determinants.
SKIN TESTING DOSAGE AND TECHNIQUE
Skin testing responses can be attenuated by interfering drugs (e.g. H1antihistamines and vasopressors). Skin testing should be delayed until the effects of such drugs have dissipated, or a separate skin test with histamine can be used to evaluate persistent antihistaminic effects in vivo. Due to the risk of potential systemic allergic reactions, skin testing should be performed in an appropriate healthcare setting under direct medical supervision.
Puncture Testing
Skin testing is usually performed on the inner volar aspect of the forearm. The skin test antigen should always be applied first by the puncture technique. After preparing the skin surface, apply a small drop of PREPEN solution using a sterile 2228 gauge needle. The same needle can then be used to make a single shallow puncture of the epidermis through the drop of PREPEN. Very little pressure is required to break the epidermal continuity. Observe for the appearance of a wheal, erythema, and the occurrence of itching at the test site during the succeeding 15 minutes at which time the solution over the puncture site is wiped off. A positive reaction consists of the development within 10 minutes of a pale wheal, sometimes with pseudopods, surrounding the puncture site and varying in diameter from 5 to 15 mm (or more). This wheal may be surrounded by a variable diameter of erythema, and accompanied by a variable degree of itching. The most sensitive individuals develop itching quickly, and the wheal and erythema are prompt in their appearance. As soon as a positive response as defined above is clearly evident, the solution over the scratch should be immediately wiped off. If the puncture test is either negative or equivocally positive (less than 5 mm wheal with little or no erythema and no itching), an intradermal test may be performed.
The lntradermal Test
Using a 0.5 to 1.0 cc syringe with a 3/8” to 5/8”long, 26 to 30 gauge, short bevel needle, withdraw the contents of the ampule. Prepare with an alcohol swab a skin test area on the upper, outer arm, sufficiently below the deltoid muscle to permit proximal application of a tourniquet later, if necessary. Be sure to eject all air from the syringe through the needle, then insert the needle, bevel up immediately below the skin surface. Inject an amount of PREPEN sufficient to raise a small intradermal bleb of about 3 mm in diameter, in duplicate at least 2 cm apart. Using a separate syringe and needle, inject a like amount of saline or allergen diluting solution as a control at least 5 cm removed from the antigen test sites. Most skin reactions will develop within 5-15 minutes and response to the skin test is read at 20 minutes as follows:
Negative response
Ambiguous response
Positive response
If the control site exhibits a wheal greater than 23 mm, repeat the test, and if the same reaction is observed, a physician experienced with allergy skin testing should be consulted.
What interacts with PRE-PEN?
PREPEN is contraindicated in those patients who have exhibited either a systemic or marked local reaction to its previous administration. Patients known to be extremely hypersensitive to penicillin should not be skin tested.
What are the warnings of PRE-PEN?
There was a statistically significant difference in the number of appendectomies in the gemfibrozil group (6/311 vs. 0/317, p = 0.029).
What are the precautions of PRE-PEN?
General
- Adult patients who give no history of clinical penicillin hypersensitivity.
- Pediatric patients.
- A serious allergic reaction to therapeutic penicillin may occur in a patient with a negative skin test to PREPEN.
- It is possible for a patient to have an anaphylactic reaction to therapeutic penicillin in the presence of a negative PREPEN skin test and a negative history of clinical penicillin hypersensitivity.
- If penicillin is the drug of choice for a life-threatening infection, successful desensitization with therapeutic penicillin may be possible irrespective of a positive skin test and/or a positive history of clinical penicillin hypersensitivity.
No reagent, test, or combination of tests will completely assure that a reaction to penicillin therapy will not occur.
The value of the PREPEN skin test alone as a means of assessing the risk of administering therapeutic penicillin (when penicillin is the preferred drug of choice) in the following situations is not established:
In addition, the clinical value of PREPEN where exposure to penicillin is suspected as a cause of a current drug reaction or in patients who are undergoing routine allergy evaluation is not known. Likewise, the clinical value of PREPEN skin tests alone in determining the risk of administering semi-synthetic penicillins (phenoxymethyl penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin), cephalosporin-derived antibiotics, and penem antibiotics is not known.
In addition to the results of the PREPEN skin test, the decision to administer or not administer penicillin should take into account individual patient factors. Healthcare professionals should keep in mind the following:
Pregnancy Category C
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with PREPEN. It is not known whether PREPEN can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. The hazards of skin testing in such patients should be weighed against the hazard of penicillin therapy without skin testing.
What are the side effects of PRE-PEN?
Occasionally, patients may develop an intense local inflammatory response at the skin test site. Rarely, patients will develop a systemic allergic reaction, manifested by generalized erythema, pruritus, angioedema, urticaria, dyspnea, hypotension, and anaphylaxis. The usual methods of treating a skin test antigen-induced reaction — the applications of a venous occlusion tourniquet proximal to the skin test site and administration of epinephrine are recommended. The patient should be kept under observation for several hours.
What should I look out for while using PRE-PEN?
PREPEN is contraindicated in those patients who have exhibited either a systemic or marked local reaction to its previous administration. Patients known to be extremely hypersensitive to penicillin should not be skin tested.
The risk of sensitization to repeated skin testing with PREPEN is not established. Rarely, a systemic allergic reaction including anaphylaxis (see below) may follow a skin test with PREPEN. To decrease the risk of a systemic allergic reaction, puncture skin testing should be performed first. Intradermal skin testing should be performed only if the puncture test is entirely negative.
What might happen if I take too much PRE-PEN?
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How should I store and handle PRE-PEN?
HandlingThis preparation is approved for use by persons licensed by the Illinois Emergency Management Agency pursuant to 32 IL. Adm. Code Section 330.260(a) and 335.4010 or equivalent licenses of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an Agreement State.HandlingThis preparation is approved for use by persons licensed by the Illinois Emergency Management Agency pursuant to 32 IL. Adm. Code Section 330.260(a) and 335.4010 or equivalent licenses of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an Agreement State.PREPEN(benzylpenicilloyl polylysine injection USP) is a clear, colorless, sterile solution supplied in ampules containing 0.25 mL. Box of 5 single dose ampules. Ampules are opened by snapping the neck of the ampule using two forefingers of each hand. Visually inspect for glass chards before use. Each ampule is for single patient use only. Discard any unused portion. PREPEN is optimally stored under refrigeration (28° C). PREPEN subjected to ambient temperatures for more than 24 hours should be discarded. As with all parenteral drug products, PREPEN should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.Rxonly Manufactured byAllerQuest LLC10 Farmington Valley Drive, Suite 106, Plainville, CT 06062 Distributed by ALKAbelló, Inc.1700 Royston Lane, Round Rock, TX 78664 Printed in USA PRPE399999 10/09 14633©2009 ALKAbelló, Inc. and AllerQuest LLCPREPEN(benzylpenicilloyl polylysine injection USP) is a clear, colorless, sterile solution supplied in ampules containing 0.25 mL. Box of 5 single dose ampules. Ampules are opened by snapping the neck of the ampule using two forefingers of each hand. Visually inspect for glass chards before use. Each ampule is for single patient use only. Discard any unused portion. PREPEN is optimally stored under refrigeration (28° C). PREPEN subjected to ambient temperatures for more than 24 hours should be discarded. As with all parenteral drug products, PREPEN should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.Rxonly Manufactured byAllerQuest LLC10 Farmington Valley Drive, Suite 106, Plainville, CT 06062 Distributed by ALKAbelló, Inc.1700 Royston Lane, Round Rock, TX 78664 Printed in USA PRPE399999 10/09 14633©2009 ALKAbelló, Inc. and AllerQuest LLCPREPEN(benzylpenicilloyl polylysine injection USP) is a clear, colorless, sterile solution supplied in ampules containing 0.25 mL. Box of 5 single dose ampules. Ampules are opened by snapping the neck of the ampule using two forefingers of each hand. Visually inspect for glass chards before use. Each ampule is for single patient use only. Discard any unused portion. PREPEN is optimally stored under refrigeration (28° C). PREPEN subjected to ambient temperatures for more than 24 hours should be discarded. As with all parenteral drug products, PREPEN should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.Rxonly Manufactured byAllerQuest LLC10 Farmington Valley Drive, Suite 106, Plainville, CT 06062 Distributed by ALKAbelló, Inc.1700 Royston Lane, Round Rock, TX 78664 Printed in USA PRPE399999 10/09 14633©2009 ALKAbelló, Inc. and AllerQuest LLCPREPEN(benzylpenicilloyl polylysine injection USP) is a clear, colorless, sterile solution supplied in ampules containing 0.25 mL. Box of 5 single dose ampules. Ampules are opened by snapping the neck of the ampule using two forefingers of each hand. Visually inspect for glass chards before use. Each ampule is for single patient use only. Discard any unused portion. PREPEN is optimally stored under refrigeration (28° C). PREPEN subjected to ambient temperatures for more than 24 hours should be discarded. As with all parenteral drug products, PREPEN should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.Rxonly Manufactured byAllerQuest LLC10 Farmington Valley Drive, Suite 106, Plainville, CT 06062 Distributed by ALKAbelló, Inc.1700 Royston Lane, Round Rock, TX 78664 Printed in USA PRPE399999 10/09 14633©2009 ALKAbelló, Inc. and AllerQuest LLCPREPEN(benzylpenicilloyl polylysine injection USP) is a clear, colorless, sterile solution supplied in ampules containing 0.25 mL. Box of 5 single dose ampules. Ampules are opened by snapping the neck of the ampule using two forefingers of each hand. Visually inspect for glass chards before use. Each ampule is for single patient use only. Discard any unused portion. PREPEN is optimally stored under refrigeration (28° C). PREPEN subjected to ambient temperatures for more than 24 hours should be discarded. As with all parenteral drug products, PREPEN should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.Rxonly Manufactured byAllerQuest LLC10 Farmington Valley Drive, Suite 106, Plainville, CT 06062 Distributed by ALKAbelló, Inc.1700 Royston Lane, Round Rock, TX 78664 Printed in USA PRPE399999 10/09 14633©2009 ALKAbelló, Inc. and AllerQuest LLCPREPEN(benzylpenicilloyl polylysine injection USP) is a clear, colorless, sterile solution supplied in ampules containing 0.25 mL. Box of 5 single dose ampules. Ampules are opened by snapping the neck of the ampule using two forefingers of each hand. Visually inspect for glass chards before use. Each ampule is for single patient use only. Discard any unused portion. PREPEN is optimally stored under refrigeration (28° C). PREPEN subjected to ambient temperatures for more than 24 hours should be discarded. As with all parenteral drug products, PREPEN should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.Rxonly Manufactured byAllerQuest LLC10 Farmington Valley Drive, Suite 106, Plainville, CT 06062 Distributed by ALKAbelló, Inc.1700 Royston Lane, Round Rock, TX 78664 Printed in USA PRPE399999 10/09 14633©2009 ALKAbelló, Inc. and AllerQuest LLCPREPEN(benzylpenicilloyl polylysine injection USP) is a clear, colorless, sterile solution supplied in ampules containing 0.25 mL. Box of 5 single dose ampules. Ampules are opened by snapping the neck of the ampule using two forefingers of each hand. Visually inspect for glass chards before use. Each ampule is for single patient use only. Discard any unused portion. PREPEN is optimally stored under refrigeration (28° C). PREPEN subjected to ambient temperatures for more than 24 hours should be discarded. As with all parenteral drug products, PREPEN should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.Rxonly Manufactured byAllerQuest LLC10 Farmington Valley Drive, Suite 106, Plainville, CT 06062 Distributed by ALKAbelló, Inc.1700 Royston Lane, Round Rock, TX 78664 Printed in USA PRPE399999 10/09 14633©2009 ALKAbelló, Inc. and AllerQuest LLCPREPEN(benzylpenicilloyl polylysine injection USP) is a clear, colorless, sterile solution supplied in ampules containing 0.25 mL. Box of 5 single dose ampules. Ampules are opened by snapping the neck of the ampule using two forefingers of each hand. Visually inspect for glass chards before use. Each ampule is for single patient use only. Discard any unused portion. PREPEN is optimally stored under refrigeration (28° C). PREPEN subjected to ambient temperatures for more than 24 hours should be discarded. As with all parenteral drug products, PREPEN should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.Rxonly Manufactured byAllerQuest LLC10 Farmington Valley Drive, Suite 106, Plainville, CT 06062 Distributed by ALKAbelló, Inc.1700 Royston Lane, Round Rock, TX 78664 Printed in USA PRPE399999 10/09 14633©2009 ALKAbelló, Inc. and AllerQuest LLCPREPEN(benzylpenicilloyl polylysine injection USP) is a clear, colorless, sterile solution supplied in ampules containing 0.25 mL. Box of 5 single dose ampules. Ampules are opened by snapping the neck of the ampule using two forefingers of each hand. Visually inspect for glass chards before use. Each ampule is for single patient use only. Discard any unused portion. PREPEN is optimally stored under refrigeration (28° C). PREPEN subjected to ambient temperatures for more than 24 hours should be discarded. As with all parenteral drug products, PREPEN should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.Rxonly Manufactured byAllerQuest LLC10 Farmington Valley Drive, Suite 106, Plainville, CT 06062 Distributed by ALKAbelló, Inc.1700 Royston Lane, Round Rock, TX 78664 Printed in USA PRPE399999 10/09 14633©2009 ALKAbelló, Inc. and AllerQuest LLC
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
PRE-PEN is a skin test antigen reagent that reacts specifically with benzylpenicilloyl IgE antibodies initiating the release of chemical mediators which produce an immediate wheal and flare reaction at a skin test site. All individuals exhibiting a positive skin test to PRE-PEN possess IgE against the benzylpenicilloyl structural group which is a hapten. A hapten is a low molecular weight chemical that conjugates with a carrier (e.g. poly-l-lysine) resulting in the formation of an antigen with the hapten’s specificity. The benzylpenicilloyl hapten is the major antigenic determinant in penicillin-allergic individuals. However, many individuals reacting positively to PRE-PEN will not develop a systemic allergic reaction on subsequent exposure to therapeutic penicillin, especially among those who have not reacted to penicillins in the past. Thus, the PRE-PEN skin test determines the presence of penicilloyl IgE antibodies which are necessary but not sufficient for acute allergic reactions due to the major penicilloyl determinant.
Non-benzylpenicilloyl haptens are designated as minor determinants, since they less frequently elicit an immune response in penicillin treated individuals. The minor determinants may nevertheless be associated with significant clinical hypersensitivity. PRE-PEN does not react with IgE antibodies directed against non-benzylpenicilloyl haptens.
Non-Clinical Toxicology
PREPEN is contraindicated in those patients who have exhibited either a systemic or marked local reaction to its previous administration. Patients known to be extremely hypersensitive to penicillin should not be skin tested.The risk of sensitization to repeated skin testing with PREPEN is not established. Rarely, a systemic allergic reaction including anaphylaxis (see below) may follow a skin test with PREPEN. To decrease the risk of a systemic allergic reaction, puncture skin testing should be performed first. Intradermal skin testing should be performed only if the puncture test is entirely negative.
No reagent, test, or combination of tests will completely assure that a reaction to penicillin therapy will not occur.
The value of the PREPEN skin test alone as a means of assessing the risk of administering therapeutic penicillin (when penicillin is the preferred drug of choice) in the following situations is not established:
In addition, the clinical value of PREPEN where exposure to penicillin is suspected as a cause of a current drug reaction or in patients who are undergoing routine allergy evaluation is not known. Likewise, the clinical value of PREPEN skin tests alone in determining the risk of administering semi-synthetic penicillins (phenoxymethyl penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin), cephalosporin-derived antibiotics, and penem antibiotics is not known.
In addition to the results of the PREPEN skin test, the decision to administer or not administer penicillin should take into account individual patient factors. Healthcare professionals should keep in mind the following:
Occasionally, patients may develop an intense local inflammatory response at the skin test site. Rarely, patients will develop a systemic allergic reaction, manifested by generalized erythema, pruritus, angioedema, urticaria, dyspnea, hypotension, and anaphylaxis. The usual methods of treating a skin test antigen-induced reaction — the applications of a venous occlusion tourniquet proximal to the skin test site and administration of epinephrine are recommended. The patient should be kept under observation for several hours.
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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Clonazepam Description Each single-scored tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg Clonazepam, USP, a benzodiazepine. Each tablet also contains corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. Clonazepam tablets USP 0.5 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake. Clonazepam tablets USP 1 mg contain Yellow D&C No. 10 Aluminum Lake, as well as FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake. Chemically, Clonazepam, USP is 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula: C15H10ClN3O3 M.W. 315.72Tips
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Interactions
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