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Sodium Acetate
Overview
What is Sodium Acetate?
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq (2 mEq/mL) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, of sodium acetate in water for injection. The solution is administered, after dilution, by the intravenous route as an electrolyte replenisher. It must not be administered undiluted. Each 20 mL contains 3.28 g of sodium acetate (anhydrous) which provides 40 mEq each of sodium (Na) and acetate (CHCOO). The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer. May contain acetic acid for pH adjustment; the pH is 6.5 (6.0 to 7.0). The osmolar concentration is 4 mOsmol/mL (calc).
The solution is intended as an alternative to sodium chloride to provide sodium ion (Na) for addition to large volume infusion fluids for intravenous use.
Sodium Acetate, USP (anhydrous) is chemically designated CHCOONa, a hygroscopic powder very soluble in water.
The semi-rigid container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyolefin. It is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene. The safety of the plastic has been confirmed by tests in animals according to USP biological standards for plastic containers. The container requires no vapor barrier to maintain the proper drug concentration.
What does Sodium Acetate look like?
What are the available doses of Sodium Acetate?
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What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Sodium Acetate?
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How should I use Sodium Acetate?
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq is indicated as a source of sodium, for addition to large volume intravenous fluids to prevent or correct hyponatremia in patients with restricted or no oral intake. It is also useful as an additive for preparing specific intravenous fluid formulas when the needs of the patient cannot be met by standard electrolyte or nutrient solutions.
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq is administered intravenously The dose and rate of administration are dependent upon the individual needs of the patient. Serum sodium should be monitored as a guide to dosage. Using aseptic technique, all or part of the contents of one or more vials may be added to other intravenous fluids to provide any desired number of milliequivalents (mEq) of sodium (Na) with an equal number of acetate (CHCOO).
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. See .
What interacts with Sodium Acetate?
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq is contraindicated in patients with hypernatremia or fluid retention.
What are the warnings of Sodium Acetate?
Safe use of methocarbamol has not been established with regard to possible adverse effects upon fetal development. There have been reports
of fetal and congenital abnormalities following in utero exposure to methocarbamol. Therefore, methocarbamol tablets should not be used in women who are or may become pregnant and particularly during early pregnancy unless in the judgment of the physician the potential benefits outweigh the possible hazards (see ).
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq must be diluted before use.
To avoid sodium overload and water retention, infuse sodium-containing solutions slowly.
Solutions containing sodium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency and in clinical states in which there exists edema with sodium retention.
In patients with diminished renal function, administration of solutions containing sodium ions may result in sodium retention.
Solutions containing acetate ions should be used with great care in patients with metabolic or respiratory alkalosis. Acetate should be administered with great care in those conditions in which there is an increased level or an impaired utilization of this ion, such as severe hepatic insufficiency.
The intravenous administration of this solution (after appropriate dilution) can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of other serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. Excessive administration of potassium free solutions may result in significant hypokalemia.
WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.
Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.
What are the precautions of Sodium Acetate?
Do not administer unless solution is clear and seal is intact. Discard unused portion.
Sodium replacement therapy should be guided primarily by the serum sodium level.
Caution should be exercised in administering sodium-containing solutions to patients with severe renal function impairment, cirrhosis, cardiac failure, or other edematous or sodium-retaining states, as well as in patients with oliguria or anuria.
Caution must be exercised in the administration of parenteral fluids, especially those containing sodium ions, to patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin.
Solutions containing acetate ions should be used with caution as excess administration may result in metabolic alkalosis.
Pregnancy:
Pediatric Use:
Geriatric Use:
Sodium ions are known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
What are the side effects of Sodium Acetate?
Sodium overload can occur with intravenous infusion of excessive amounts of sodium-containing solutions. See and .
What should I look out for while using Sodium Acetate?
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq is contraindicated in patients with hypernatremia or fluid retention.
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq must be diluted before use.
To avoid sodium overload and water retention, infuse sodium-containing solutions slowly.
Solutions containing sodium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency and in clinical states in which there exists edema with sodium retention.
In patients with diminished renal function, administration of solutions containing sodium ions may result in sodium retention.
Solutions containing acetate ions should be used with great care in patients with metabolic or respiratory alkalosis. Acetate should be administered with great care in those conditions in which there is an increased level or an impaired utilization of this ion, such as severe hepatic insufficiency.
The intravenous administration of this solution (after appropriate dilution) can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of other serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. Excessive administration of potassium free solutions may result in significant hypokalemia.
WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.
Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.
What might happen if I take too much Sodium Acetate?
In the event of overdosage, discontinue infusion containing sodium acetate immediately and institute corrective therapy as indicated to reduce elevated serum sodium levels, and restore acid-base balance if necessary. See , and .
How should I store and handle Sodium Acetate?
Storage ConditionsStore at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Store diluted infusion solution under refrigeration at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F) for no longer than 24 hours. Do not freeze. Sterile, Nonpyrogenic, Preservative-free.The container closure is not made with natural rubber latex.Storage ConditionsStore at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Store diluted infusion solution under refrigeration at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F) for no longer than 24 hours. Do not freeze. Sterile, Nonpyrogenic, Preservative-free.The container closure is not made with natural rubber latex.Storage ConditionsStore at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Store diluted infusion solution under refrigeration at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F) for no longer than 24 hours. Do not freeze. Sterile, Nonpyrogenic, Preservative-free.The container closure is not made with natural rubber latex.Storage ConditionsStore at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Store diluted infusion solution under refrigeration at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F) for no longer than 24 hours. Do not freeze. Sterile, Nonpyrogenic, Preservative-free.The container closure is not made with natural rubber latex.Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq (2 mEq/mL) is supplied as follows:Each vial is partially filled to provide air space for complete vacuum withdrawal of the contents into the intravenous container. Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Manufactured byHospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USALAB-1191-2.0Revised: 01/2018Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq (2 mEq/mL) is supplied as follows:Each vial is partially filled to provide air space for complete vacuum withdrawal of the contents into the intravenous container. Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Manufactured byHospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USALAB-1191-2.0Revised: 01/2018Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq (2 mEq/mL) is supplied as follows:Each vial is partially filled to provide air space for complete vacuum withdrawal of the contents into the intravenous container. Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Manufactured byHospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USALAB-1191-2.0Revised: 01/2018Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq (2 mEq/mL) is supplied as follows:Each vial is partially filled to provide air space for complete vacuum withdrawal of the contents into the intravenous container. Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Manufactured byHospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USALAB-1191-2.0Revised: 01/2018Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq (2 mEq/mL) is supplied as follows:Each vial is partially filled to provide air space for complete vacuum withdrawal of the contents into the intravenous container. Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Manufactured byHospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USALAB-1191-2.0Revised: 01/2018
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
Sodium is the principal cation of extracellular fluid. It comprises more than 90% of total cations at its normal plasma concentration of approximately 140 mEq/liter. The sodium ion exerts a primary role in controlling total body water and its distribution.
Acetate (CHCOO), a source of hydrogen ion acceptors, is an alternate source of bicarbonate (HCO
) by metabolic conversion in the liver. This has been shown to proceed readily, even in the presence of severe liver disease.
Non-Clinical Toxicology
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq is contraindicated in patients with hypernatremia or fluid retention.Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq must be diluted before use.
To avoid sodium overload and water retention, infuse sodium-containing solutions slowly.
Solutions containing sodium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency and in clinical states in which there exists edema with sodium retention.
In patients with diminished renal function, administration of solutions containing sodium ions may result in sodium retention.
Solutions containing acetate ions should be used with great care in patients with metabolic or respiratory alkalosis. Acetate should be administered with great care in those conditions in which there is an increased level or an impaired utilization of this ion, such as severe hepatic insufficiency.
The intravenous administration of this solution (after appropriate dilution) can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of other serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. Excessive administration of potassium free solutions may result in significant hypokalemia.
WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.
Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.
See and for interaction with CNS drugs and alcohol.
Methocarbamol may inhibit the effect of pyridostigmine bromide. Therefore, methocarbamol should be used with caution in patients with myasthenia gravis receiving anticholinesterase agents.
Do not administer unless solution is clear and seal is intact. Discard unused portion.
Sodium replacement therapy should be guided primarily by the serum sodium level.
Caution should be exercised in administering sodium-containing solutions to patients with severe renal function impairment, cirrhosis, cardiac failure, or other edematous or sodium-retaining states, as well as in patients with oliguria or anuria.
Caution must be exercised in the administration of parenteral fluids, especially those containing sodium ions, to patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin.
Solutions containing acetate ions should be used with caution as excess administration may result in metabolic alkalosis.
Pregnancy:
Pediatric Use:
Geriatric Use:
Sodium ions are known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
Sodium overload can occur with intravenous infusion of excessive amounts of sodium-containing solutions. See and .
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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