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Tetracaine HCl
Overview
What is Tetracaine?
Tetracaine hydrochloride is 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl p-(butylamino)benzoate monohydrochloride. It is a white crystalline, odorless powder that is readily soluble in water, physiologic saline solution, and dextrose solution. It has the following structural formula:
Tetracaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic of the ester-linkage type, related to procaine.
1% Solution:
Each mL contains:
Active:
Inactives:
Nitrogen gas has been used to displace the air in the ampules.
This formulation does not contain preservatives.
What does Tetracaine look like?
What are the available doses of Tetracaine?
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What should I talk to my health care provider before I take Tetracaine?
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How should I use Tetracaine?
Tetracaine hydrochloride is indicated for the production of spinal anesthesia for procedures requiring two to three hours.
As with all anesthetics, the dosage varies and depends upon the area to be anesthetized, the number of neuronal segments to be blocked, individual tolerance, and the technique of anesthesia. The lowest dosage needed to provide effective anesthesia should be administered. For specific techniques and procedures, refer to standard textbooks.
The extent and degree of spinal anesthesia depend upon dosage, specific gravity of the anesthetic solution, volume of solution used, force of the injection, level of puncture, position of the patient during and immediately after injection, etc.
When spinal fluid is added to 1% tetracaine hydrochloride injection, some turbidity results, the degree depending on the pH of the spinal fluid, the temperature of the solution during mixing, as well as the amount of drug and diluent employed. Liberation of base (which is completed within the spinal canal) is held to be essential for satisfactory results with any spinal anesthetic.
The specific gravity of spinal fluid at 25°C/25°C varies under normal conditions from 1.0063 to 1.0075. The 1% concentration in saline solution has a specific gravity of 1.0060 to 1.0074 at 25°C/25°C.
A hyperbaric solution may be prepared by mixing equal volumes of the 1% solution and Dextrose Solution 10%.
Examine ampules carefully before use. Do not use solution if crystals, cloudiness, or discoloration is observed.
This formulation of tetracaine hydrochloride does not contain antimicrobial or bacteriostatic agents; therefore, unused portions should be discarded.
Sterilization of Ampules
The tetracaine hydrochloride injection is sterile within an undamaged ampule. To destroy bacteria on the exterior of ampules use heat sterilization (autoclaving) before opening. Immersion in antiseptic solution is not recommended.
Autoclave at 15-pounds pressure, at 121°C (250°F), for 15 minutes.
Autoclaving increases likelihood of crystal formation. Unused autoclaved ampules should be discarded. Under no circumstances should unused ampules which have been autoclaved be returned to stock.
What interacts with Tetracaine?
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What are the warnings of Tetracaine?
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What are the precautions of Tetracaine?
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What are the side effects of Tetracaine?
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What should I look out for while using Tetracaine?
Spinal anesthesia with tetracaine hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to tetracaine hydrochloride or to drugs of a similar chemical configuration (ester-type local anesthetics), or aminobenzoic acid or its derivatives; and in patients for whom spinal anesthesia as a technique is contraindicated.
The decision as to whether or not spinal anesthesia should be used for an individual patient should be made by the physician after weighing the advantages with the risks and possible complications. Contraindications to spinal anesthesia as a technique can be found in standard reference texts, and usually include generalized septicemia, infection at the site of injection, certain diseases of the cerebrospinal system, uncontrolled hypotension, etc.
RESUSCITATIVE EQUIPMENT AND DRUGS SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE WHENEVER ANY LOCAL ANESTHETIC DRUG IS USED.
Large doses of local anesthetics should not be used in patients with heartblock.
Reactions resulting in fatality have occurred on rare occasions with the use of local anesthetics, even in the absence of a history of hypersensitivity.
What might happen if I take too much Tetracaine?
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How should I store and handle Tetracaine?
Care should be exercised in the handling of REVLIMID. REVLIMID capsules should not be opened or broken. If powder from REVLIMID contacts the skin, wash the skin immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. If REVLIMID contacts the mucous membranes, flush thoroughly with water.Procedures for the proper handling and disposal of anticancer drugs should be considered. Several guidelines on the subject have been published. Dispense no more than a 28-day supply.Care should be exercised in the handling of REVLIMID. REVLIMID capsules should not be opened or broken. If powder from REVLIMID contacts the skin, wash the skin immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. If REVLIMID contacts the mucous membranes, flush thoroughly with water.Procedures for the proper handling and disposal of anticancer drugs should be considered. Several guidelines on the subject have been published. Dispense no more than a 28-day supply.Care should be exercised in the handling of REVLIMID. REVLIMID capsules should not be opened or broken. If powder from REVLIMID contacts the skin, wash the skin immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. If REVLIMID contacts the mucous membranes, flush thoroughly with water.Procedures for the proper handling and disposal of anticancer drugs should be considered. Several guidelines on the subject have been published. Dispense no more than a 28-day supply.1% isotonic isobaric solution: 2 mL Ampules, box of 25. NDC 17478-045-32 1% isotonic isobaric solution: 2 mL Ampules, box of 25. NDC 17478-045-32
Clinical Information
Chemical Structure
No Image foundClinical Pharmacology
Parenteral administration of tetracaine hydrochloride stabilizes the neuronal membrane and prevents initiation and transmission of nerve impulses thereby effecting local anesthesia.
The onset of action is rapid, and the duration is prolonged (up to two or three hours or longer of surgical anesthesia).
Tetracaine hydrochloride is detoxified by plasma esterases to aminobenzoic acid and diethylaminoethanol.
Non-Clinical Toxicology
Spinal anesthesia with tetracaine hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to tetracaine hydrochloride or to drugs of a similar chemical configuration (ester-type local anesthetics), or aminobenzoic acid or its derivatives; and in patients for whom spinal anesthesia as a technique is contraindicated.The decision as to whether or not spinal anesthesia should be used for an individual patient should be made by the physician after weighing the advantages with the risks and possible complications. Contraindications to spinal anesthesia as a technique can be found in standard reference texts, and usually include generalized septicemia, infection at the site of injection, certain diseases of the cerebrospinal system, uncontrolled hypotension, etc.
RESUSCITATIVE EQUIPMENT AND DRUGS SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE WHENEVER ANY LOCAL ANESTHETIC DRUG IS USED.
Large doses of local anesthetics should not be used in patients with heartblock.
Reactions resulting in fatality have occurred on rare occasions with the use of local anesthetics, even in the absence of a history of hypersensitivity.
Drug Interactions:
The safety and effectiveness of any spinal anesthetic depend upon proper dosage, correct technique, adequate precautions, and readiness for emergencies. The lowest dosage that results in effective anesthesia should be used to avoid high plasma levels and serious systemic side effects. Tolerance varies with the status of the patient; debilitated, elderly patients or acutely ill patients should be given reduced doses commensurate with their weight, age, and physical status. Reduced doses are also indicated for obstetric patients and those with increased intra-abdominal pressure.
Caution should be used in administering tetracaine hydrochloride to patients with abnormal or reduced levels of plasma esterases.
Blood pressure should be frequently monitored during spinal anesthesia and hypotension immediately corrected.
Spinal anesthetics should be used with caution in patients with severe disturbances of cardiac rhythm, shock, and heartblock.
Systemic adverse reactions to tetracaine hydrochloride are characteristic of those associated with other local anesthetics and can involve the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Systemic reactions usually result from high plasma levels due to excessive dosage, rapid adsorption, or inadvertent intravascular injection.
A small number of reactions to tetracaine hydrochloride may result from hypersensitivity, idiosyncrasy or diminished tolerance to normal dosage.
Central nervous system
Cardiovascular system
Allergic reactions
Reactions Associated with Spinal Anesthesia Techniques:
Central Nervous System:
Cardiovascular:
Respiratory:
Gastrointestinal:
Reference
This information is obtained from the National Institute of Health's Standard Packaging Label drug database.
"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/"
While we update our database periodically, we cannot guarantee it is always updated to the latest version.
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